摘要
本试验旨在研究色氨酸作为功能性氨基酸,对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数及肠道组织形态的影响。试验采用单因素6水平试验设计。选取1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉用仔鸡720只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(色氨酸水平1~21日龄为0.23%,22~42日龄为0.20%),5个试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.03%、0.06%、0.09%、0.12%、0.15%的色氨酸。试验鸡自由采食和饮水,试验期42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,基础饲粮添加0.03%和0.12%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡体重(P<0.05),添加0.03%、0.09%、0.12%色氨酸显著降低了1~21日龄肉鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05);添加色氨酸对42日龄肉鸡体重,22~42日龄和1~42日龄ADFI、ADG、料重比(F/G)以及1~21日龄F/G均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,基础饲粮添加0.12%色氨酸显著升高了21日龄肉鸡的胸腺指数(P<0.05),显著降低了肝脏指数(P<0.05),添加0.15%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡的胸腺指数和肝脏指数(P<0.05),且胸腺指数随色氨酸添加水平的增加呈二次曲线显著增加(P<0.05),而肝脏指数呈线性和二次曲线显著降低(P<0.05);基础饲粮中添加色氨酸对42日龄肉鸡的器官指数均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.06%色氨酸显著升高了21和42日龄肉鸡血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.05),且随色氨酸添加水平的升高,21和42日龄肉鸡血清SOD活性呈显著二次曲线升高(P<0.05),21日龄肉鸡血清中总抗氧化力、丙二醛含量呈显著线性和二次曲线降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.09%色氨酸显著升高了21日龄肉鸡血清中免疫球蛋白A含量(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,基础饲粮中添加0.12%、0.15%色氨酸显著降低了21日龄肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度(VH)(P<0.05),显著增加了空肠和回肠的VH和隐窝深度(CD)(P<0.05)。基础饲粮中添加色氨酸对42日龄肉鸡的十二指肠和空肠发育均没有显著影响(P>0.05),但空肠VH、绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)有显著线性降低的变化(P<0.05),回肠VH和V/C随色氨酸的添加水平增加而显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,基础饲粮中适量添加色氨酸对肉鸡后期生长性能和器官指数以及十二指肠和空肠的发育没有显著影响,并可以提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of tryptophan,as functional amino acids,on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,organ indexes,and intestinal morphology of broilers. A single factor and six addition levels of trial was designed. A total of 360 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet(the tryptophan level was 0.23% at 1 to 21 days of age and 0.20% at 22 to 42 days of age),and others in the 5 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0. 03%,0.06%,0.09%,0.12% and 0.15% tryptophan,respectively. The chickens were free to feed and drink. And the experiment lasted for 42 days. The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,0.03%and 0.12% tryptophan supplementation significantly reduced the body weight of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05),while 0.03%,0.09% and 0.12% tryptophan supplementation significantly decreased the average daily feed intake(ADFI),the average daily gain(ADG)and the feed to gain ratio(F/G)of broiler from 1 to 21 days of age(P<0.05). The supplementation of tryptophan in basal diets has no significant influence on the body weight of broilers at 42 days of age,and the ADFI,ADG,and feed/gain(F/G)of broilers at 22 to 42 days of age,or 1 to 42 days of age,as well as the F/G of broilers at 1 to 21 days of age(P>0.05). 2)Compared with control group,0. 12% tryptophan supplementation significantly increased the thymus index(P <0.05),but significantly decreased the liver index of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05). 0.15% tryptophan supplementation significantly decreased the thymus index and liver index of broilers at 21 days of age(P <0.05). The thymus index significantly increased quadratically with the supplementation of tryptophan(P <0.05),while the liver index was significantly decreased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05). The supplementation of tryptophan in basal diet had no influence on the organ indexes of broilers at 42 days of age(P>0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the basal diet supplemented with 0. 06% tryptophan significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in serum of broilers at 21 and 42 days of age(P<0.05).Furthermore,the serum SOD activity significantly increased linearly and quadratically(P<0.05)with the supplementation of tryptophan. 4)0.09% tryptophan significantly increased the serum immunoglobulin A content in broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05). 5)Compared with the control group,the basal diet supplemented with0.12% and 0.15% tryptophan significantly decreased the duodenum villus height(VH)of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05),and significantly increased the jejunum ileum VH and crypt depth(CD,P<0.05). For the broilers at 42 days of age,tryptophan supplementation in the basal diet had no significant influence on the development of duodenum and jejunum(P>0.05),but the jejunum VH and villus height/crypt depth(V/C)decreased linearly(P<0.05),as well as that of ileum. In conclusion,tryptophan supplementation in basal diet has no significant influence on the growth performance,organ indexes and the development of jejunum and ileum of broilers in later growth stage,but can increase the serum antioxidant and immune ability of broilers.
作者
伏春燕
董以雷
阎佩佩
王文彬
燕磊
黄河
朱应波
魏祥法
刘瑞亭
石天虹
刘雪兰
FU Chunyan;DONG Yilei;YAN Peipei;WANG Wenbin;YAN Lei;HUANG He;ZHU Yingbo;WEI Xiangfa;LIU Ruiting;SHI Tianhong;LIU Xuelan(Poultry Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250023,China;Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266100,China;Dongying Blue Sea Ecological Aquaculture Company,Dongying 257100,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期5545-5556,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY020602,2019JZZY020611)
山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2020D01)
东营市科技计划项目(2020JCYJ105)
东营市生态农牧业生物技术重点实验室
国家自然科学基金项目(31902176)
山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BC005)。
关键词
色氨酸
肉鸡
生长性能
免疫和抗氧化功能
器官指数
肠道发育
tryptophan
broilers
growth performance
immune and antioxidant functions
organ indexes
intestinal morphology
