摘要
炼焦过程中会产生大量的废气、废水和危险废物,炼焦行业是重污染行业,也是我国重点管控行业。炼焦行业危险废物的精准管控和安全利用处置,既可改善生态环境,也可保障人类健康。炼焦行业危险废物的产生现状是产生节点多样、产生量大、污染物种类繁杂,采取的主要利用处置方式包括从高温煤焦油和中低温煤焦油中提取多种化工原料、以脱硫废液为原料进行提盐和制酸、现阶段无法有效利用的炼焦危险废物水泥窑协同处置和焚烧处置。对当前利用处置方式存在的主要问题进行了剖析,提出了3个提高炼焦危险废物利用率和加强安全处置的建议:1)遵循《危险废物豁免管理清单》利用环节豁免条件,促进高温煤焦油和中低温煤焦油利用;2)通过制定污染控制标准或技术规范、“点对点”利用、开发高效的提盐和制酸技术、园区统一规划集中利用等方式,合力提高脱硫废液提盐和制酸的利用水平;3)在环境风险可控和利用新型干法回转窑工艺以及危险废物科学配伍的前提下,将现阶段无法有效利用的炼焦危险废物进行水泥窑协同处置和焚烧处置。
A great deal of waste gas,waste water and hazardous waste are produced in the coking process.Coking industry is a heavy pollution industry and key control industry in China.The precise control and safe utilization and disposal of hazardous waste in coking industry can not only improve the ecological environment,but also protect people's health.The present situation of hazardous waste in coking industry was that there were numerous nodes,multiple kinds,large amount and various kinds of pollutants.There were three main ways of utilization and disposal,which were to extract a variety of chemical raw materials from high temperature coal tar and medium-and-low temperature coal tar,to extract salt and acid from desulfurization waste liquid,and to carry out cement kiln collaborative disposal and incineration disposal of the coking hazardous waste which could not be effectively utilized at present.The main problems existing in the current utilization and disposal methods were analyzed.Some suggestions on improving the utilization rate of coking hazardous waste and strengthening the safe disposal were put forward,which mainly included three aspects:1)In order to promote the utilization of high temperature coal tar and medium-and-low temperature coal tar,the exemption conditions of utilization link in List of Hazardous Waste Exemption Management should be followed.2)Through the formulation of pollution control standards or technical specifications,“point-to-point”utilization,development of efficient salt extraction and acid production technology,and park unified planning and centralized utilization,the level of salt extraction and acid production from desulfurization waste liquid could be improved.3)Under the premise of controllable environmental risk,new dry process rotary kiln technology and scientific compatibility of hazardous waste,the coking hazardous waste which could not be effectively utilized at present could be disposed by cement kiln combined disposal and incineration.
作者
郝雅琼
周奇
杨玉飞
吴昊
HAO Yaqiong;ZHOU Qi;YANG Yufei;WU Hao(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期1004-1011,共8页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1902802-4)。
关键词
炼焦
高温煤焦油
中低温煤焦油
脱硫废液
危险废物
coking
high temperature coal tar
medium-and-low temperature coal tar
desulfurization waste liquid
hazardous waste
