摘要
目的调查小学生视力及屈光现状,探究影响近视发生的危险因素。方法于2019年选取浙江省舟山市3所小学一至六年级学生2766人为研究对象,进行裸眼视力、矫正视力检查,测量双眼屈光度数,指导小学生填写近视相关因素,采用logistic回归模型筛选影响小学生近视的危险因素。结果2766名小学生中有视力不良1633人,占59.04%,其中轻度近视1037人,占37.49%,中度近视192人,占6.94%,高度近视6人,占0.22%,远视398人,占14.39%;视力正常1133人,占40.96%。不同年级正视、轻度近视、中度近视、远视占比差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。正视占比随年级升高而降低,远视占比随年级升高总体趋势降低,低度近视与中度近视占比随年级升高而升高,高度近视学生较少;logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=2.986,95%CI=1.174~7.595)、年龄>10岁(OR=3.182,95%CI=1.416~7.149)、父亲高度近视(OR=3.462,95%CI=1.505~7.963)、母亲高度近视(OR=2.657,95%CI=1.302~5.422)、每天放学后近距离学习时间>2 h(OR=2.782,95%CI=1.326~5.836)、每天使用电子产品时间>2 h(OR=3.116,95%CI=1.260~7.707)为影响小学生视力不良的独立危险因素(均P<0.05),每天户外活动时间(OR=0.477,95%CI=0.259~0.879)为小学生视力不良的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论小学生屈光状态随年级增加向近视方向发展,女性、年龄、父母亲高度近视、每天放学后近距离学习时间及使用电子产品时间长是影响小学生视力不良的独立危险因素,户外活动可在一定程度上预防近视。
Objective To investigate the status quo and influencing factors of vision and refractive to explore risk factors of myopia among primary school students.Methods Using stratified multistage random sampling,we recruited 2802 students of grade 1–6 in three primary schools in Zhoushan city of Zhejiang province in 2019.Uncorrected and corrected visual acuity were tested and binocular diopter was measured among the students.The students’information related to myopia prevalence were collected with a self-designed questionnaire.Logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors of myopia in the students.Results Of the 2766 students completing the survey,1633(59.04%)had poor vision,including 1037(37.49%),192(6.94%),and 6(0.22%)with mild,moderate,and high myopia and 398(14.39%)hyperopia.Among the students,the prevalence of normal vision,mild and moderate myopia,and hyperopia differed significantly by grade(P<0.05 for all);the prevalence of normal vision and hyperopia decreased with grade but the prevalence of mild and moderate myopia increased with grade.The results of logistic regression analysis revealed following independent risk factors of poor vision:female gender(odds ratio[OR]=2.986,95%confidence interval[95%CI]:1.174–7.595),aged 10 years and above(OR=3.182,95%CI:1.416–7.149),paternal high myopia(OR=3.462,95%CI:1.505–7.963),maternal high myopia(OR=2.657,95%CI:1.302–5.422),having more than two hours for close reading and writing after school per day(OR=2.782,95%CI:1.326–5.836),and having more than two hours for using electronic products per day(OR=3.116,95%CI:1.260–7.707);the results also showed that having more than two hours for outdoor activity per day was a protective factor against poor vision(OR=0.477,95%CI:0.259–0.879).Conclusion Among the primary school students in Zhoushan city,the prevalence of myopic ametropia increases with grade;female gender,age,parental high myopia,long time of close reading/writing after school and using electronic devices are risk factors of poor vision and having more time for outdoor activities may prevent myopia to a certain extent.
作者
吴爱华
高帆
张璐烨
刘益达
赵江南
徐秋叶
WU Ai-hua;GAO Fan;ZHANG Lu-ye(Ophthalmology Center,Zhoushan Hospital,Zhoushan,Zhejiang Province 316000,China)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期792-796,共5页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
舟山市科技计划项目(2019C31080)。
关键词
近视
屈光
小学生
影响因素
myopia
refraction
primary school students
influencing factor
