摘要
债务加入介于保证和独立保证之间,系人保之一种。债务加入人负担的债务与原债务构成连带债务,二者于加入之时具有同一性,其后即各自独立发展,仅于连带债务涉他效力的范围内互生影响。在不与其担保功能相抵牾的限度内,连带债务规定自可直接适用于债务加入。债务加入与免责的债务承担不存在任何共性,并无可得适用的共通规则。基于利益状况的高度类似性,在不与债务加入的本质特征相抵触的限度内,保证规定原则上应当类推适用于债务加入。体现人保一般性规则的保证规定尤其是保证人资格禁止规定和保证要式规定应予类推适用,以从属性和补充性为前提的保证规定原则上不得类推适用,与连带债务规定存在类似性的保证规定自无类推适用的必要。公司对外担保规定应类推适用于债务加入,以免滋生法律规避行为。
Addition of debtor lies between the surety and the independent guarantee,and can be characterized as a kind of personal security.Because it legally caused solidary liability,the relevant provisions on solidary liability can be directly applied to the extent that they do not offset its guarantee functions.There is no commonality between addition of debtor and substitution of debtor,and thus there are no common rules which are applicable to both of them.Based on the high similarity of the guarantee function and the status of interests,the provisions ruling the surety should apply by analogy to addition of debtor in order to protect the added debtor and avoid the circumvention of laws.At the same time,in order to maintain the independence of the system of addition of debtor,not all rules should be applied by analogy.It should be distinguished.To the extent not inconsistent with the essential characteristics of addition of debtor,the provisions on surety should in principle be applicable analogously to addition of debtor.The general provisions on guarantees,especially the rule about the qualifications of guarantor and the requirement of written form,should be applied by analogy,but the provisions based on attributes and complementarity should not be applicable by analogy in principle.It’s not necessary to apply the provisions on surety that are similar to those ruling solidary liability.The provisions ruling company’s external guarantee should apply to addition of debtor in order to avoid the circumvention of laws.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期165-179,共15页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
关键词
债务加入
连带债务
免责的债务承担
保证
公司对外担保
addition of debtor
solidary liability
substitution of debtor
surety
external guarantee of the company
