摘要
“大一统”的本义与引申义虽有联系但内涵不同,前者是指“尊崇一个以时间开端为标志的统绪”,后者则是指“大规模(或大范围)的统一”。在公羊学经典中,“大一统”与“通三统”是儒家“三统说”政治理论的重要组成部分,二者辩证统一、互为补充。秦汉时期,由于“三统说”不能合理解释东周以来的历史发展,也不能适应政治体制变化的现实需要,同时在逻辑上方枘圆凿、迂曲难通,因此被更具解释力的“五德终始说”取代。儒家公羊学意义上的“大一统”理论随之流于纸面、沉寂千余年,成为一些政治家、思想家的空洞理想。元代尤其是晚清以来,在实现多民族国家统一、维护领土主权完整成为时代主题的背景下,“大一统”被赋予了新的内涵,成为证明中华民族具有国家统一悠久传统和历史依据的标识性概念。每一种历史认知都是理解者处境与文本处境之间视域交融的结果,它既不可能是绝对的真理,也不可能毫无可取之处。“大一统”的引申义不能被简单理解为“语义层面的错误”,而是与本义一样具有其合理性。
Although the original meaning of“Da Yi Tong”is related to its extended meaning,its connotation is different.The former means“emphasize one regime marked by the beginning of time”,while the latter means“large-scale unification”.Gong Yang Xue’s(公羊学)classics,“Da Yi Tong”and“Tong San Tong”(通三统)are important parts of the Confucian political theory of“San Tong”(三统).During the Qin and Han Dynasties,the theory of“San Tong”could not reasonably explain the historical development since the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,nor it could meet the practical needs of the changes in the political system.At the same time,there exists inconsistency within the theory,so it was replaced by the theory of Five Elements Circulation(五德终始说)with more explanatory power.The theory of“Da Yi Tong”in the sense of Gong Yang Xue’s classics then was in decline for over one thousand years,and became an empty ideal of some politicians and thinkers.Since the Yuan Dynasty,and especially since the late Qing Dynasty,under the background of realizing the unification of multi-ethnic countries and safeguarding the territorial sovereignty integrity,the concept of“Da Yi Tong”has been endowed with new connotation and has become a landmark concept to prove that the Chinese nation has a long tradition and historical basis of national unification.Every kind of historical cognition is the result of the fusion of horizons between the comprehender’s situation and the text’s situation.It can neither be absolute truth nor be without merit.The extended meaning of“Da Yi Tong”can not be simply understood as“semantic error”,but has its rationality in its the original meaning.
作者
晁天义
CHAO Tian-yi(Social Sciences in China Press,Beijing 100026)
出处
《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期48-67,共20页
Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“先秦史跨学科研究的理论与实践”(18FZS006)。
关键词
“大一统”
统一
公羊学
历史阐释
Da Yi Tong
unification
Gong Yang Xue
historical interpretation
