摘要
氮肥减施增效是实现我国化肥零增长的重要措施之一,探讨不同生物炭配施氮肥比例的生物效应及氮肥利用率,为黄壤稻田秸秆生物炭高效利用提供依据。采用大田试验,研究了不同生物炭配施氮肥比例对贵州黄壤水稻产量、品质、养分吸收和氮肥利用率的影响。试验设6个处理:对照CK(不施氮肥,只施用磷肥和钾肥)、常规施肥T0(化肥氮100%)、T1(生物炭氮10%+化肥氮90%)、T2(生物炭氮20%+化肥氮80%)、T3(生物炭氮30%+化肥氮70%)、T4(生物炭氮40%+化肥氮60%)。结果表明:水稻籽粒产量随着生物炭与氮肥减量配施比例的增加呈先增加后降低趋势,以T2处理最高,较常规施肥T0处理显著提高了13.4%(P<0.05,下同);与T0处理相比,生物炭与氮肥减量配施可明显影响稻米精米率、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量,以T2处理较好;生物炭与氮肥减量配施可显著影响水稻秸秆和稻谷的氮素积累量,其中T1、T2和T4处理的秸秆氮素积累量较T0处理提高了4.5%~17.3%,T2处理达显著水平;T1、T2和T3处理的稻谷氮素积累量较T0处理依次显著增加了31.1%、27.3%和21.8%;与T0处理相比,T1、T2和T3处理的氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率和氮肥表观利用率依次增加了2.4%~13.3%、8.2%~46.3%和8.87~22.41个百分点,其中T2处理达到显著水平;T1、T2、T3和T4的氮素收获指数均有所提高,但均不显著。综上所述,生物炭与氮肥减量配施可不同程度地提高贵州黄壤稻田水稻的产量和氮肥利用率,同时改善稻米品质;在短期条件下,推荐20%生物炭氮与80%化学氮肥配施作为中等肥力黄壤水稻氮肥减量配施的最适比例。
Nitrogen fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement is one of the important measures to achieve zero growth of chemical fertilizers in China,the biological effects and nitrogen fertilizer utilization ratios of different biochar and nitrogen fertilizer ratios were explored to provide a basis for the efficient use of straw biochar in yellow soil paddy field.Field experiment was carried out to study how partial substitution of mineral N with biochar affected rice yield,rice quality,nitrogen uptake,and nitrogen use efficiency of rice in yellow soil of Guizhou.There were 6 treatments:control CK(no nitrogen fertilizer),conventional fertilization T0(100%mineral nitrogen),T1(10%biochar nitrogen+90%mineral nitrogen),T2(20%biochar nitrogen+80%mineral nitrogen),T3(30%biochar nitrogen+70%mineral nitrogen),T4(40%biochar nitrogen+60%mineral nitrogen).The results showed that rice yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase in the ratio of biochar nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen,and got the maximum under T2,which was significantly increased by 13.4%comparing to T0(P<0.05).Compared with T0 treatment,the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer reduction can significantly affect milled rice rate,gum consistency and amylose content,and T2 treatment is better.Compared with T0,nitrogen accumulation in straw under T1,T2 and T4 increased by 4.5%~17.3%,and T2 treatment was significant(P<0.05);nitrogen accumulation in grain under T1,T2 and T3 increased by 31.1%,27.3%and 21.8%,respectively;Partial nitrogen productivity,agronomic efficiency,and apparent nitrogen use efficiency under T1,T2 and T3 increased by 2.4%~13.3%,8.2%~46.3%and 8.87~22.41 percentage point,in which T2 wassignificant;The nitrogen harvest index increased under T1,T2,T3 and T4,but none was significant.The above results indicate that partial substitution of mineral N with biochar can increase rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in yellow paddy soil paddy,and improve rice quality.Under short-term condition,substitution of 20%mineral N with biochar N is recommended as the optimum ratio for medium-fertility yellow paddy soil.
作者
史登林
王小利
刘安凯
罗安焕
徐彬
侯再芬
梁国太
SHI Deng-lin;WANG Xiao-li;LIU An-kai;LUO An-huan;XU Bin;HOU Zai-fen;LIANG Guo-tai(Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang Guizhou 550001;Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sinan County,Guizhou Province,Tongren Guizhou 565100)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第2期199-205,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
国家自然科学基金(31860160,41361064)
思南县秸秆生物炭还田试验。
关键词
生物炭
黄壤稻田
产量
稻米品质
氮肥利用率
biochar
yellow soil paddy field
yield
rice quality
nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency
