摘要
目的:探索引起0~3岁婴幼儿过敏的食物及其主要影响因素。方法:2632名0~3岁婴幼儿,经皮肤点刺试验(SPT)筛选出其中的食物过敏婴幼儿165例作为研究组,其余2467名作为对照组。然后评估0~1岁、>1岁婴幼儿主要过敏食物及相关影响因素。结果:0~1岁婴幼儿过敏食物主要为奶类(28.57%)、蛋类(23.81%)、虾(17.14%)和水果(14.29%)。>1岁婴幼儿主要过敏食物为水果(25.00%)、虾(23.33%)、鱼类(18.33%)和蛋类(16.67%)。研究组0~1岁婴幼儿食物过敏的因素包括年龄、过敏家族史、烟草烟雾接触史、非母乳喂养、应用代乳品、未能及时添加辅食、挑食、未有良好的膳食习惯,各项因素所占比例分别为63.64%、46.06%、48.48%、65.71%、68.57%、27.61%、41.67%和48.33%,均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:0~1岁婴幼儿主要过敏食物分别为奶类、蛋类、虾等,主要影响因素有非母乳喂养、应用代乳品、及时添加辅食等;而>1岁婴幼儿主要过敏食物为水果、虾、鱼类等,主要影响因素有挑食、未有良好的膳食习惯等。此外,婴幼儿食物过敏的主要影响因素还包括年龄、烟草烟雾接触史、过敏家族史。
Objective:To explore the foods and their main influencing factors that cause allergies in infants and young children aged 0~3.Methods:Among 2,632 infants and children aged 0-3 years,115 infants and children with food allergies were selected by the skin prick test(SPT)as the study group,and the remaining 2,517 as the control group.Then,the main allergic foods and their related influencing factors in infants and young children aged 0~1 and>1 were assessed.Results:The main allergic foods from 0~1 year old were milk(28.57%),eggs(23.81%),shrimp(17.14%),fruits(14.29%),fish(8.57%)and meat(3.81%).Besides,the main allergic foods of>1 year old were fruits(25.00%),shrimp(23.33%),fish(18.33%),eggs(16.67%),milk(10.00%)and meat(3.33%).Furthermore,the influencing factors that induced food allergies in 0~1 year old infants in the study group included family history of allergies,history of exposure to tobacco smoke,non-breastfeeding,application of milk substitutes,failure to add complementary foods in time,picky eating,and lack of good dietary habits of study group.They proportions were 63.64%,46.06%,48.48%,65.71%,68.57%,27.61%,41.67%,48.33%,which were all signidicantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The main allergic foods fro infants and children aged 0~1 are milk,eggs and shrimp with their main influencing factors are non-breastfeeding,application of milk substitutes,and failure to add supplementary food in time.However,the main allergic foods of the age>1 year-old infants and children are fruits,shrimps and fish with the main influencing factors are picky eating and without good eating habits.Additionally,the main influencing factors of food allergy in infants and young children also included age,history of exposure to tobacco smoke and family history allergies.
作者
张倩
ZHANG Qian(Department of Pediatrics,Qinhuangdao Second Hospital,Qinhuangdao 066600,Hebei,China)
出处
《川北医学院学报》
CAS
2021年第4期480-483,共4页
Journal of North Sichuan Medical College
基金
河北省秦皇岛市科学技术研究与发展科研项目(201602A174)。
关键词
婴幼儿
食物过敏
现状调查
影响因素
Infants and young children
Food allergies
Status survey
Influencing factors
