摘要
作为氢燃料电池的能量来源,氢气的纯度及杂质含量都极大地影响着电池的寿命、效率和安全等性能,准确测定燃料氢气的纯度和杂质含量是极其重要的。为此,阐述了现行质子交换膜燃料电池汽车用燃料氢气产品标准所涉及的水分、总烃、氧、氦、氮、氩、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、总硫、甲醛、甲酸、氨、总卤化物和颗粒物等14类杂质组成的各种分析方法的原理、适应性、方法优缺点和研究进展,并进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:①直接采用露点法、电子法、石英晶体振荡法和光腔衰荡光谱法等现行国家标准方法测量水分;②采用配备热导检测器、火焰离子化检测器和甲烷转化炉组合的气相色谱仪,并设计多阀多柱流程可以实现一台气相色谱仪测量总烃及无机杂质组分;③采用低温富集技术与带硫化学发光检测器的气相色谱仪联用的方法进行氢气中总硫的准确测量;④采用预富集技术和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪或者气相色谱—质谱仪器联用的方式测量甲醛和甲酸组分;⑤采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、光腔衰荡光谱等原理的分析仪器测量氨;⑥现有国家标准方法还无法满足总卤化物参数的检测要求,亟需开展方法研究,实现在一套分析仪器上完成有机和无机卤化物的全卤素分析;⑦采用装有聚四氟乙烯的耐高压过滤器的方法进行氢气中颗粒物的在线取样测量。进而提出建议:①对氢气中杂质的来源和组分根据制氢工艺不同划分为型式检验项目和出厂检验项目,在保证质量的前提下节约质检费用;②加大光腔衰荡光谱、光声光谱等新型检测原理分析仪器核心器件国产化力度,尽快建立拥有自主知识产权的燃料电池用氢质量分析方法标准体系,以降低检验成本、提高检测效率。
Hydrogen is the energy source of hydrogen fuel cell,and its purity and impurity content have a substantial influence on the service life,efficiency,safety and other performances of a hydrogen fuel cell,so it is quite important to detect the purity and impurity content of fuel hydrogen accurately.To this end,this paper illustrates and comparatively analyzes the principles,adaptability,advantages,disadvantages of research process of various methods for analyzing 14 types of impurity components involved in the current product standard on the fuel hydrogen of proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)vehicle,including moisture,total hydrocarbon,oxygen,helium,nitrogen,argon,carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide,total sulfur,formaldehyde,methanoic acid,ammonia,total halide and particle.And the following research results were obtained.First,the current national standard methods are used directly to measure the moisture,including dew point method,electron method,quartz crystal oscillation method and optical cavity ring-down spectroscopy method.Second,one gas chromatograph can provide total hydrocarbon and inorganic impurity component measurement by equipping it with thermal conductivity detector,flame ionization detector and methanator and designing multi-valve multi-column process.Third,the combination method of the low temperature enrichment technology and the gas chromatograph with sulfur chemiluminescence detector can measure the total sulfur in hydrogen gas accurately.Fourth,the pre-enrichment technology is combined with the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or the gas chromatography mass spectrometer to measure formaldehyde and methanoic acid components.Fifth,the analytical instrument based on the principles of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical cavity ring-down spectroscopy is used for ammonia measurement.Sixth,existing national standard methods are not able to satisfy the detection requirements of total halide parameter,so it is in urgent to carry out method study to realize total halogen analysis of organic and inorganic halide by using one set of analytical instrument.Seventh,the high-pressure filter containing polytetrafluoroethylene is used to perform online particle sampling and measurement.Finally,two suggestions were proposed.First,the sources and components of the impurities in hydrogen gas shall be divided into type inspection items and delivery inspection items according to hydrogen production process,and the quality inspection cost shall be saved while the quality is ensured.Second,it is recommended to enhance the localization of the core parts of the analytical instrument based on optical cavity ring-down spectroscopy,optoacoustic spectroscopy and new detection principles,and establish a standard system of quality analysis method for the hydrogen of fuel cell with independent intellectual property rights as soon as possible,so as to reduce the inspection cost and improve the detection efficiency.
作者
潘义
邓凡锋
王维康
杨嘉伟
张婷
林俊杰
龙舟
姚伟民
方正
PAN Yi;DENG Fanfeng;WANG Weikang;YANG Jiawei;ZHANG Ting;LIN Junjie;LONG Zhou;YAO Weimin;FANG Zheng(National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610021,China;Analysis and Testing Center,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China;Shimadzu Enterprise Management China Limited,Shanghai 200233,China)
出处
《天然气工业》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期115-123,共9页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
国家标准物质资源共享平台资助项目“标准物质资源库服务与共享”(编号:APT2002-1)
国家重点研发计划项目“生产安全与防护领域急需计量标准及标准物质研究”(编号:2016YFF0201101)。
关键词
质子交换膜
燃料电池
氢气
杂质组分
分析方法
适应性
分析仪器
标准化
Proton exchange membrane
Fuel cell
Hydrogen
Impurity component
Analysis method
Adaptability
Analytical instrument
Standardization
