摘要
大棚西瓜由于连年种植,严重影响了西瓜的产量和品质,尤其是枯萎病,导致西瓜死苗减产,严重的甚至绝产。采用田间试验方法,以大蒜-西瓜伴生栽培模式为研究对象,设西瓜单作、大蒜(苗期伴生)-西瓜、大蒜(全生育期伴生)-西瓜等3个处理,伴生后统计枯萎病的发病率,以及测定西瓜的株高、蔓长、干鲜重、果实形态指标、产量及品质。结果表明:大蒜伴生后,生长前期植株的蔓长和叶片数略有减少,与对照相比差异不显著,生长后期植株的地上、地下干鲜重均比单作增加,差异显著;西瓜枯萎病发病率比单作显著减少;西瓜的单瓜重和产量增加;果实形态指标的中心糖、边糖、纵径、横径增加;皮厚减少,果实的可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖均比单作增加,V C、亚硝酸盐、总酸降低,与对照相比差异显著。大蒜伴生西瓜后,显著抑制了西瓜枯萎病的发病率,促进了植株生长、提高了单瓜重和产量,改善了西瓜果实形态指标及品质,一定程度上减轻了西瓜连作障碍,在西瓜绿色优质可持续栽培方面有一定指导意义。
Due to continuous planting of watermelon in greenhouses,the yield and quality have been seriously affected by various factors,especially Fusarium wilt,which caused the watermelon dead seedlings and led to reduce production or even non-production.The method of field experiment was adopted,and the garlic-associated watermelon cultivation model was taken as the research object.The 3 treatments including watermelon mono-cropping,garlic(associated in seedling stage)-watermelon,garlic(associated in whole growth period)-watermelon were set.After treatment,the incidence of Fusarium wilt was counted.The plant height,vine length,dry and fresh weight,fruit morphology index,yield and quality of watermelon were measured.The results showed that after treatment,the vine length and leaf number of the plants in the early growth stage were slightly reduced,and the difference was not significant.The dry and fresh weight of above-ground and underground of the plants in the late growth stage were higher than that of mono-cropping,and the difference was significant.The incidence of Fusarium wilt was significantly less than that of mono-cropping,and the weight of watermelon fruit and the yield increased.The center sugar,side sugar,longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter of the fruit morphology index increased.The skin thickness decreased.The soluble protein and soluble sugar in the fruit were higher than those of mono-cropping.V C,nitrite and the total acid decreased.Compared with the control,the difference was significant.After garlic-associated watermelon,the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt was significantly suppressed,and plant growth was promoted.The single melon weight and yield were increased,morphological indexes and quality of watermelon fruit were improved,and watermelon continuous cropping obstacles were alleviated to a certain extent.It had certain guiding significance in green,high-quality and sustainable cultivation.
作者
吴绍军
孟佳丽
沈虹
张黎杰
周玲玲
田福发
余翔
WU Shao-jun;MENG Jia-li;SHEN Hong;ZHANG Li-jie;ZHOU Ling-ling;TIAN Fu-fa;YU Xiang(Suqian Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Suqian 223800,China)
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2021年第3期44-49,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目“优质多抗高产重大新品种创制”(PZCA201716)
江苏省宿迁市农业科技自主创新资金(SQCX201905)。
关键词
连作西瓜
生长
产量
品质
枯萎病
Continuous cropping watermelon
Growth
Yield
Quality
Fusarium wilt
