摘要
砷大气环境保护标准是控制砷污染的重要环境管理手段与执法依据。为此,对比国内外砷环境空气质量限值,分析中国砷大气排放标准体系存在的不足,通过定量理论计算研究了砷大气排放浓度限值与环境空气质量限值之间的关系,提出砷大气排放理论浓度限值和建议浓度限值。结果表明:国内外砷环境空气质量标准质量浓度限值多为0.006μg/m^3,建议今后开展中国砷空气质量基准研究,制订更加符合中国实际情况的砷环境空气质量标准限值。国际上,各类固定污染源大气排放标准中砷的质量浓度限值为0.025~1.000 mg/m^3,与其他国家和组织相比,中国焚烧炉窑等部分行业现行砷大气排放控制较为宽松,现行大气污染物综合及工业炉窑排放标准中均未规定砷污染物项目,且缺少半导体、电子及针对铅、锌、金的有色金属工业等行业的砷大气排放浓度限值。通过理论计算得出,基于环境空气质量标准的砷大气排放理论质量浓度限值为0.05 mg/m^3。考虑到中国的经济和技术水平,建议有色金属工业近期的砷大气排放质量浓度限值可维持为0.4~0.5 mg/m^3,今后随着技术进步可逐步加严;焚烧炉窑砷大气排放质量浓度限值可加严为0.5 mg/m^3;其他涉砷工业的砷大气排放质量浓度限值建议制订为0.1 mg/m^3,经过一定过渡期后逐步达到0.05 mg/m^3的限值要求。
The arsenic atmospheric environmental standard is an important management tool and law enforcement reference for the control of arsenic pollution.The domestic and international arsenic ambient air quality standard limits was compared,the deficiency of China’s arsenic atmospheric emission standards system was analyzed,the relationship between the atmospheric emission concentration limits and air quality limits of arsenic based on the theoretical calculation method was studied,and the theoretical and recommended concentration limits for arsenic atmospheric emission standards were further proposed.The results showed that both the international and domestic arsenic limits in ambient air quality standards were almost 0.006μg/m^3.It was suggested that air quality criteria study for arsenic in China should be developed in the future in order to make arsenic air quality limits more in line with China’s actual situations.The international arsenic atmospheric emission limits of stationary sources were between 0.025 and 1.000 mg/m^3.China was currently using generally more loose arsenic emission limits in some industries such as incinerators compared with other countries and organizations.China’s integrated and industrial kiln emission standards of air pollutants did not include the arsenic,and some important sources(such as lead,zinc,gold,semiconductor and electronics industry)did not take arsenic into account.Further theoretical calculation indicated that the arsenic theoretical emission limits should be 0.05 mg/m^3.Taking the pace of current technology application of China into account,it was suggested that the arsenic emission limits from non-ferrous metals sources clould be kept at 0.4 to 0.5 mg/m^3,and the limits should be gradually tightened with the continuous development of technology in the future.The emission limits from waste incineration sources should be reduced to 0.5 mg/m^3.For all other sources,the limits should be 0.1 mg/m^3.After a transition period,the limits should be reduced to 0.05 mg/m^3.
作者
谭玉菲
郭敏
徐舒
安广楠
顾闫悦
王宗爽
TAN Yufei;GUO Min;XU Shu;AN Guangnan;GU Yanyue;WANG Zongshuang(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012;Appraisal Center for Environment&Engineering,Ministry of Ecological and Environment,Beijing 100012)
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第1期126-131,共6页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
国家重点研发计划重点专项(No.2016YFC0208105)。
关键词
砷
环境空气质量标准
大气污染物排放标准
限值
arsenic
ambient air quality standards
atmospheric emission standards
limits
