摘要
目的基于GBD 2017与美国、德国及全球对比分析中国尘肺病疾病负担情况,为中国尘肺病防治攻坚战以及职业健康保护行动寻求努力方向和改革措施。方法主要采用流行病学描述方法分析GBD 2017中1990—2017年中国、美国、德国和全球尘肺病疾病负担指标的特征和趋势,对比尘肺病疾病负担的差异。根据数据分析造成尘肺病的主要原因,根据文献探讨了防控政策的完善提高。结果1990—2017年中国尘肺的患病率由12.96/10万上升到20.45/10万,增幅为57.79%;伤残导致的疾病负担则由1.95/10万上升到3.05/10万,增幅为56.41%;2017年中国尘肺病YLL/DALY为82.60%,早逝造成的寿命损失仍是中国尘肺病疾病负担的主要组成。2017年中国职业性接触硅的标化DALY率、标化YLL率各占总的环境职业因素负担的66.19%、72.62%,高于美国(30.24%、35.06%)、德国(52.17%、52.65%)与全球(50.95%、54.80%)。1990—2017年中国、美国、德国与全球尘肺病的标化DALY率总体均呈下降趋势,降幅分别为51.99%、37.69%、58.33%、48.20%,但2017年中国的标化DALY率(12.57/10万)仍高于美国(4.10/10万)、德国(3.45/10万)、全球(6.32/10万)。结论我国尘肺病的疾病负担仍高于美国、德国与全球,需要学习防控成效较好国家的经验,加强法律法规,以粉尘管控为重点防制尘肺病。
Objective To analyze the burden of pneumoconiosis in China through comparison with the United States,Germany and the world based on GBD 2017 data,and to provide references for direction and reform measures for the Pneumoconiosis Prevention and Control Battle and the Occupational Health Protection Action in China.Methods The indexes of disease burden for pneumoconiosis in China,the United States,Germany and the Global level from 1990 to 2017 on the basis of GBD 2017 was obtained,and epidemiological characteristics and trends of pneumoconiosis were analyzed to compare the differences in the disease burden of pneumoconiosis.The main reasons for pneumoconiosis were analyzed,and the strategies for the improvement of prevention and control policies were discussed.Results From 1990 to 2017,the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in China rose from 12.96/100000 to 20.45/100000,an increase of 57.79%.The years lived with disability rose from 1.95/100000 to 3.05/100000,with an increase of 56.41%.In 2017,the YLL/DALY of China′s pneumoconiosis was 82.60%,and the years of life lost caused by premature death was still the main component of China′s pneumoconiosis disease burden.In 2017,the standardized DALY rate and standardized YLL rate of occupational exposure to silicon in China accounted for 66.19%and 72.62%of the total burden of environmental occupational factors,respectively,which were higher than the United States(30.24%,35.06%)and Germany(52.17%,52.65%),as well as the world(50.95%,54.80%).From 1990 to 2017,the standardized DALY rate of pneumoconiosis in China,the United States,Germany,and the world all showed a downward trend,with a decrease of 51.99%,37.69%,58.33%,and 48.20%,respectively.However,in 2017,the standardized DALY rate of China(12.57/100000)was still higher than the United States(4.10/100000),Germany(3.45/100000),and the world(6.32/100000).Conclusion Until at least 2017,the disease burden of pneumoconiosis in China was still higher than that of the United States,Germany and the world.It is necessary to learn from the experience of countries with better prevention and control effects,strengthen laws and regulations,and focus on dust control to prevent pneumoconiosis.
作者
蔡美钦
宇传华
胡樱
CAI Meiqin;YU Chuanhua;HU Ying(School of Health,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China;Maoming Hospital of Prevention and Treatment For Occupational Disease,Maoming,Guangdong 525000,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2021年第1期5-9,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC1315302,2017YFC1200502)
国家自然科学基金(81773552)。
关键词
尘肺病
疾病负担
全球
Pneumoconiosis
Disease burden
Global
