摘要
渔业是社会经济的一个组成部分,近代以来它对国家的意义逐渐凸显。中国渔业史研究发端于晚清,但近代的渔业著作大多略古详今,具有较强的经世致用色彩。20世纪90年代以后,在历史学的介入下,渔业史研究的学理性不断增强,但受产业观视角的影响较为明显。最近十多年来,在环境史、新文化史、历史人类学等的影响或推动下,中国渔业史研究在视角与对象上都得到了显著拓展。相关成果强调人与自然的互动,重视渔民与鱼,并考察渔业生产背后的产权问题。从研究时段上看,对近代与集体化时期渔业史的研究仍十分薄弱;从研究对象来看,目前学界对市场与技术的关注相对较少。结合国际学界的动向,深化中国渔业史研究,将有助于我们进一步思考渔业在人类文明发展进程中的意义。
The fishing industry is a part of the social economy and its significance has loomed large in modern times.Research into the history of the Chinese fishery began in the late Qing dynasty,with History of Chinese Fishery by Shen Tongfang considered the first book in the field.The Chinese Fishery History,co-authored by Li Shihao and Qu Ruoqian in the Republic of China,had even greater influence.However,writing on fisheries in modern China speak more about the present than the past.Influenced by national crises,the modern books focus more on practical rather than historical value.After the 1990s,influenced by historical studies,research on fishery history has been more scientific and rational,gradually presenting the richness and significance of fisheries in Chinese history.Affected by narrations of general history,traditional researches on fishery history mostly take the perspective of industry,divided into ancient fishery history and modern fishery history.Ancient fishery history emphasizes the development of the fishing industry in different time periods and various locations,focussing on fishing taxes,management of fishermen and fishing boats.Great changes have taken place in Chinese fisheries in modern times,and many researchers characterise these changes as″modernization″or″transformation″.The modernization of the Chinese fishery is not only closely associated with local changes of politics,economy and society,but also largely a result of the introduction of western-related institutions as well as the spread of knowledge and technology.Correspondingly,modern fishery history focuses on″transformation″,mainly discussing the development of fishing technologies,government impact on circulation of aquatic products,the changes of fishermen s organizations and fishing conflicts between China and other countries.In the last decade or so,developments in environmental history,cultural history and historical anthropology,has expanded the research on Chinese fishery history from perspectives to objects.Some of the related achievements combine environmental history with fishery history.Some discuss the exploration of fishing resources in Chinese history and consumption of fish products.Some care more about survival conditions of fishermen and how they earn their living.Modern scholars have actively promoted research on water ownership and fishery rights,associated closely with the livelihoods of fishermen.the most remarkable recent researches have mainly focused on Hubei and Hunan area and the Poyang Lake area.On the whole,the academic foundation of research on Chinese fishery history is still weak.Research literature on Ming and Qing dynasties are rich,but modern fishery history is not yet mature,while research on the collectivization period is growing slowly.Despite its obvious importance,research into the objects,markets and technologies are neglected by scholars.The trends of international study,influenced by environmental and global history,have also just begun its path and fisheries have become a significant perspective of reviewing human civilization.Therefore,as the research on Chinese fishery history improves,it can offer important reference to grasp the meaning of fisheries in the development of human civilization.
作者
叶君剑
Ye Junjian(Department of History,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期195-209,共15页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
关键词
渔业
中国渔业史
学术史
环境史
历史人类学
fishery
Chinese fishery history
academic history
environmental history
historical anthropology
