摘要
为解决免耕覆秸种植模式下秸秆全量覆盖还田导致的"低温效应"和"生化他感效应",该研究提出一种基于2BMFJ系列免耕播种机的秸秆还田比例调节技术与配套装置,通过理论分析对秸秆还田比例调节装置相关结构参数进行设计,通过高速摄像技术对秸秆抛撒后空间分布规律进行探究,并应用四因素五水平二次回归正交中心组合试验方法,以清秸弹齿偏角、回收口面积、作业速度和田间秸秆覆盖量为试验因素,作业后秸秆还田比例为响应函数,得到各参数组合对秸秆还田比例的影响规律。分别以理想秸秆还田比例50%和70%为例,对试验指标的回归方程进行验证。当参数组合为清秸弹齿偏角21.0°、回收口面积1120.0 cm^2、作业速度5.0 km/h、田间秸秆覆盖量1.1 kg/m^2时,秸秆还田比例为52.3%;当参数组合为清秸弹齿偏角21.0°、回收口面积890.0 cm^2、作业速度8.0 km/h、田间秸秆覆盖量1.1 kg/m^2时,秸秆还田比例为71.9%。该研究实现了秸秆还田比例的参数可调控,可为免耕覆秸种植模式在寒区的推广应用提供技术支撑。
A series of 2 BMFJ type no-tillage planter has been proposed to serve as a feasible operation mode of"preparation of side-way anti-blocking seed bed and concurrently covered with uniform straw".The amount of straw mulching can generally determine the effect of straw returning on soil improvement and crop growth benefit.If the amount of straw mulching is too small,there is no obvious effect on the soil moisture conservation and fertilizer cultivation.In this case,it is recommended that the straw can be returned to field in the whole amount.Nevertheless,if the straw mulching is too large,the yield of crop can decline due to"low temperature effect"and"biochemical effect"in some areas with high content of soil organic matter.As such,the proportional straw returning to the field can be used in a straw proportion regulation technology and supporting device under the operation mode of lateral straw cleaning,according to the environmental conditions in soil.The structural parameters of device can be determined using various theoretical analysis.In this study,a multi-link mechanism was designed to control the throwing trace of straw by adjusting the deflection angle of spring-tooth.Two correction coefficients of kx and ky were introduced to the model of straw throwing trace for an accurate simulation.The high speed camera system was selected to in-situ capture the throwing process of straw.The movement and distribution of straw throwing can be achieved,in order to determine the proportion of straw return to field.A cloud map was performed on a Matlab platform,thereby to quantify the distribution of straw.The deflection angle of throwing control baffle and gravity was 45°,when the proportion of straw returning to field was not less than 50%.The field experiment was carried out at the Xiangyang farm of Northeast Agricultural University from October 21 to 22,2019,where a corn stubble field with the soil hardnessof28.1 kg/m2 and soil moisture content of 21.7%.Four factors and five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combined experimental method can be applied to optimize the influence of various parameters on straw returning proportion,the structure and working parameters in a proportion regulation device.The deflection angle of spring-tooth,area of recovery port,operating speed and straw mulching amount were selected as influencing factors,where as the proportion of straw returning to field were selected as the evaluation index of performance.The test results showed that the area of recovery port and deflection angle of spring-tooth had an extremely significant impact on the test indicators(P<0.01),while the straw mulching amount and operating speed had a secondary impact(0.01<P<0.05).Taking the proportion of straw returning to field as 50%and 70%,an experimental verification was conducted to optimize the combination of influencing factors.The results showed that the proportion of straw returning to field was 52.3%,when the deflection angle of spring-tooth was 21.0°,the area of recovery port was 1120 cm2,the operating speed was 5 km/h,and straw mulching amount was 1.1 kg/m^2.Compared with the ideal value in a model prediction,the error was 2.3%and 4.3%,respectively.The proportion of straw returning to field was 71.9%,when the deflection angle of spring-tooth was 21.0°,the area of recovery port was 890 cm^2,the operating speed was 8.0 km/h,and the straw mulching amount was 1.1 kg/m^2.Compared with the ideal value in a model prediction,the error was 1.9%and 1.8%,respectively.Therefore,the straw returning proportion regulation device under no tillage and straw mulching planting mode can be used to realize the automatic regulation of straw mulching returning proportion by changing the parameters,thereby to improve the accumulated temperature of seed bed,while to reduce the allelopathic effect of biochemical.The findings can provide a sound reference for the popularization and application to the planting mode of no tillage and straw mulching in cold regions.
作者
史乃煜
陈海涛
魏志鹏
侯守印
邹震
王星
Shi Naiyu;Chen Haitao;Wei Zhipeng;Hou Shouyin;Zou Zhen;Wang Xing(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第21期11-22,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(GARS-04)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201004)。
关键词
农业机械
设计
试验
免耕
玉米秸秆
秸秆还田
agricultural machinery
design
experiments
no-tillage
corn stalk
stalk returning
