摘要
当前极地地区的战略地位日益凸显,极地资源开发与利用成为国际社会关注的焦点,而极地装备是科学认知极地、合理开发利用极地资源的基础保障。极地装备主要分为极地科学装备、极地船舶装备、极地资源开发装备等三大类,针对此三类装备,本文梳理了国外极地装备技术的发展态势,分析了我国极地装备的发展现状及存在的差距与问题,研判了极地装备的发展趋势与关键技术,总结了我国极地装备技术领域的发展战略。针对我国极地科学装备不足且冰下观测能力有限、极地船舶能力建设缺乏、极地资源开发装备研发设计能力欠缺等问题,从建设北极环境观测与通信导航装备、攻克极地航行船舶关键技术、发展极地资源勘探关键装备三方面提出了我国面向2035年的极地装备重点发展方向及对策建议,以期为21世纪下半叶极地夏季商业航线的大规模开发提供装备和技术研究支持。
The polar regions are now becoming strategically important.The exploitation of polar resources is becoming the focus of international community’s attention.Polar equipment is the guarantee for humans to scientifically understand and sustainably exploit the polar resources;they primarily include equipment for scientific observation,navigation,and oil and gas exploitation in the polar regions.This study first summarizes the development of polar equipment in various countries,and the development status and problems of the polar equipment in China.Then,it analyzes the development trend and key technologies of polar equipment.China does not possess sufficient polar scientific equipment and its under-ice observation capacity is not strong.China also lacks the capacities for building polar vessels and the research and design capacities for polar resource development equipment.To promote the development of polar equipment by 2035,China should promote the Arctic environment observation,communication,and navigation technologies,make breakthroughs in key technologies regarding polar vessels,and develop key equipment for polar resource exploration,hoping to support the commercial development of the polar summer routes for the second half of the 21st century.
作者
于立伟
王俊荣
王树青
李华军
Yu Liwei;Wang Junrong;Wang Shuqing;Li Huajun(College of Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,Shandong,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期84-93,共10页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目“海洋装备发展战略研究”(2020-ZD-02)。
关键词
极地装备
极地科学观测与通信导航
极地船舶
极地油气资源开发
关键技术
polar equipment
scientific observation,communications,and navigation in the polar regions
polar vessels
oil and gas resources exploitation in the polar regions
key technologies
