摘要
桉树是桃金娘科桉属、伞房属和杯果木属植物的统称。中国最早于1890年引进桉树,1950年代后,通过系统引种和推广栽培,取得初步成功。1980年代后,开始快速发展桉树人工林,面积由1986年的46万公顷快速增长到2018年的546万公顷,32年时间里增长了10.7倍。中国桉树人工林在维护国家木材安全、促进国民经济发展、发挥生态防护作用和帮助农民脱贫致富等方面做出了重要贡献。是什么因素推动了中国桉树如此迅猛发展呢?本文从自然、社会、经济和科技等方面进行了深入分析,认为推动中国桉树大发展的动因主要包括:1、市场和社会对木材的强劲需求;2、国家和地方政策的支持;3、南方优越的自然条件和充足的土地资源;4、桉树产业丰厚的利润回报;5、桉树研究促进了科技创新和技术进步。最后,作者提出了科学发展桉树的几点建议:1、编制发展规划,调整发展布局;2、尊重经济规律,发挥市场作用;3、转变经营模式,调整林分结构;4、完善技术标准,强化经营管理;5、加强生态监测,扩大正面宣传。文章对于促进中国桉树科学发展具有积极指导意义。
Eucalypts includes 3 genera:Angophora,Corymbia and Eucalyptus.Species of this group of genera were first introduced to China in 1890.During 1950s to 1980s,the cultivation of Eucalyptus succeeded after systematical introduction,domestication and experimentation.Eucalypt plantations in southern China developed particularly rapidly after the 1980s,with the area of these plantations increasing by 10.7 times from 0.46 million hm2 in 1986 to 5.46 million hm2 in 2018.The increases in this plantation resource over time has resulted in substantial benefits that can be assigned to four key categories.Firstly,eucalypt relieves the tense situation of timber and fibre supply shortfalls in China,reducing the dependency on imports and thus ensuring the security of supply.Secondly,the eucalypt industry is increasing in magnitude and the complete industrial chain involving eucalypts constitutes an integral part of the state’s economy.Thirdly,eucalypt plantations make significant contributions to the carbon sequestrated in both standing forests and in subsequent forest products,as well as offering favorable contributions to forest ecology and environmental protection.And,fourthly,eucalypt plantations are important for local livelihoods as they can increase farmers’incomes and benefit rural prosperity.But,a key question is:what has caused the rapid increase in the area of eucalypt plantations in China?The following factors are the main reasons discussed in this paper:1.Huge market demand for wood;2.State and provincial policy support;3.Suitable natural environment and adequate land resources;4.Good benefits from eucalypt plantations and associated industries;and,5.Good technological support from scientific institutions.In conclusion,a series of recommendations are proposed for ongoing scientific development of eucalypt plantations in China.
作者
刘涛
谢耀坚
LIU Tao;XIE Yaojian(Guangxi Gaofeng State-owned Forest Farm,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;China Eucalypt Research Centre,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Zhanjiang 524022,Guangdong,China)
出处
《桉树科技》
2020年第4期38-47,共10页
Eucalypt Science & Technology
基金
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2017ZX001-5)。
关键词
桉树
人工林
发展动因
Eucalyptus
plantation
development cause
