摘要
外泌体(exosomes,EXs)是具有多种生物功能的细胞外微型囊泡,在细胞间物质交换及信号转导中发挥重要作用。研究表明,EXs具有减少Aβ和过度磷酸化tau蛋白数量、抑制神经炎症、提高突触可塑性、促进神经发生、减轻氧化应激等延缓和改善阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的作用。AD患者出现EXs数量减少及其成分异常等病理现象,提示EXs异常是AD发病机制之一。近期研究以EXs为靶点,发现EXs是运动应激下机体内分泌、旁分泌和自分泌的适应性调节产物。运动可通过调节EXs功能进而干预AD,具体机制包括:1)运动诱导EXs生成,促进Aβ等代谢废物的清除;2)运动可调节EXs的成分,促进肌肉、肝脏和脂肪等组织分泌的EXs携带运动因子,改善AD病理;3)运动通过EXs提高机体整合效应,阻止AD发生与发展。
Exosomes(EXs)are extracellular microvesicles with multiple biological functions,which play an important role in the exchange of materials between cells and signal transduction.Most studies have shown that EXs have effect of reducing the amount of Aβand hyperphosphorylation tau protein,inhibiting neuroinflammation,improving synaptic plasticity,promoting neurogenesis,reducing oxidative stress,etc.,which can delay and improve Alzheimer’s disease(AD),while AD Pathological phenomena such as the decrease in the number of EXs and the abnormal components of the patient,suggesting that abnormal EXs is one of the pathogenesis of AD.Recent studies have taken EXs as the target,and found that EXs were adaptive regulation products of endocrine,paracrine and autocrine under exercise stress.Exercise can regulate the function of EXs and interfere with AD.The specific mechanisms include:1)Exercise induces EXs generates and promotes the elimination of metabolic waste products such as Aβ;2)Exercise can regulate the composition of EXs,and promote the EXs secreted by muscles,liver and fat and other tissues to carry exercise factors(exerkines)to improve AD pathology;3)Exercise improves body integration through EXs.The effect prevents the development of AD.
作者
邝程斌
夏杰
吴珊
徐波
KUANG Chengbin;XIA Jie;WU Shan;XU Bo(Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第11期38-47,共10页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31571225)。
关键词
阿尔茨海默病
外泌体
运动干预
运动因子
Alzheimer’s disease
exosomes
exercise intervention
exerkines
