摘要
为探究猕猴桃果实采后软腐病害的主要病原菌及其生长特性,2017年9月于湖南凤凰县猕猴桃基地采集具有软腐病症状的100个果实病样,取患病猕猴桃病健交界处果肉,进行病原菌的分离纯化、菌株形态学观察、病原菌的分子生物学鉴定试验,同时分析不同培养基、碳源、氮源、温度和pH值对病原菌生长的影响。结果表明,菌种鉴定为葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)和间座壳菌(拟茎点霉菌有性态,Diaporthe phaseolorum)。两种菌在PSA、YPGA、PDA、SDA培养基的生长速度均较快,葡萄座腔菌和间座壳菌生长速率分别在16.1~18.6 mm·d^-1和13.9~16.5 mm·d^-1之间,且菌丝密度均较稠密。淀粉、蔗糖和麦芽糖作为碳源时,病原菌生长效果较好,葡萄座腔菌和间座壳菌生长速率分别在15.9~17.7 mm·d^-1和12.4~16.4 mm·d^-1之间。酵母粉、蛋白胨、甘氨酸作为氮源时,较适宜葡萄座腔菌和间座壳菌生长,两病原菌生长速率分别在11.0 mm·d^-1左右和9.5 mm·d^-1左右,但较未添加氮源培养基仅提高了7%左右。此外,葡萄座腔菌和间座壳菌的最适pH值为5~7,最适温度为25~30℃,菌种致死温度为85℃左右。本研究结果对猕猴桃软腐病病原菌的鉴定及对猕猴桃贮藏过程中软腐病害的绿色防控提供了参考。
To explore the main pathogens and its’ growth characteristics of postharvest soft rot of kiwifruit, In September 2017, 100 fruit samples with soft rot symptoms were collected at the kiwifruit base in Fenghuang County, Hunan Province. The flesh between the diseased and the good were taken out to isolate and purify the pathogens. Then the morphologies of strains were observed, and molecular biological of pathogens were identified. At the same time, the effects of media, carbon source, nitrogen source, temperature, and pH value on the growth of pathogenic bacteria were analyzed. The results showed that, the strains were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum. The growth rates of the two strains were faster in PSA, YPGA, PDA and SDA media. The growth rates of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum were 16.1 to 18.6 mm·d^-1 and 13.9 to 16.5 mm·d^-1, and the mycelial density was also very dense. The growth of pathogenic bacteria was better when starch, sucrose and maltose were used as carbon sources, the growth rates of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum were 15.9 to 17.7 mm·d^-1 and 12.4 to 16.4 mm·d^-1. Yeast powder, peptone and glycine used as nitrogen sources were more suitable for the growth of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum. The growth rates of Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum were about 11.0 mm·d^-1 and 9.5 mm·d^-1, However, the growth rate is only 7% higher than that with CA medium. Besides, the optimum pH value for Botryosphaeria dothidea and Diaporthe phaseolorum are 5 to 7, the optimum temperature are between 25℃ and 30℃, and the lethal temperature is about 85℃. The results of this study provide a reference for the identification of kiwifruit soft rot pathogens and the green control of soft rot diseases during kiwifruit storage.
作者
石浩
王仁才
王芳芳
王琰
卜范文
周倩
SHI Hao;WANG Rencai;WANG Fangfang;WANG Yan;BU Fanwen;ZHOU Qian(Horticulture and Landscape College,,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128;College of Agriculture and Forestry,Hunan Applied Technology University,Changde,Hunan 415100;Research Institute of Horticulture in Hunan Province,Changsha,Hunan 410125)
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第11期2425-2434,共10页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
湖南省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2017NK2071、2018NK2013)。
关键词
猕猴桃软腐病
病原菌
分离纯化
鉴定
生长特性
kiwifruit soft rot
pathogen
isolation and purification
identification
growth characteristics
