摘要
在中国式分权制度背景下,基于将环境绩效纳入官员考核这一外生冲击,本文通过手工收集整理城市政府工作报告中公开的环境目标约束数据,在理论分析的基础上,采用DID模型和工具变量法从城市和企业两个维度实证检验了地方政府环境目标约束对产业转型升级的影响。研究结果表明:(1)将环境绩效纳入官员考核后,面临环境目标约束的地方政府,其产业转型升级效果较为明显。这一结论在一系列稳健性检验中均成立。(2)机制分析发现,环境目标约束会使地方政府通过加强环境规制,调整产业政策和财政支出结构等行为推动当地产业转型升级。(3)进一步研究发现,主动推行环境考核官员更有积极性推动本地产业结构升级。以上结论为中国实现环境治理与产业转型升级的“双赢”提供了现实依据。
Since the reform and opening up,China has relied on industrial development to promote rapid economic growth,but this strategy has brought environmental problems.Serious environmental pollution not only leads to the frequent occurrence of malignant disease,but also causes economic losses of 8%-15%in China's GDP.After entering the 21st century,the Chinese government committed to solving environmental problems.In the context of high-quality development in China's economy,can environmental governance force industrial transformation and upgrading to achieve a win-win result for environmental governance and economic growth quality?This study uses the principal component analysis method to calculate three aspects of industrial transformation and upgrading index of 230 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2013:urban industrial structure,manufacturing structure,and manufacturing technology.We collect the environmental target constraint data in the work reports of the city governments.We consider the environmental target constraint with typical Chinese characteristics.We take into account the impact of environmental performance on the assessment of officials,and use as our experimental group a city with open environmental targets.We use a DID model and the instrumental variable method to study the impact of local government environmental target constraints on urban industrial transformation and upgrading on two levels:the city and the enterprise.The results show that after environmental performance is incorporated into the official assessment system,the local government's active disclosure of the environmental targets'restrictive behavior significantly pushes the city to achieve industrial upgrading.After a series of robustness tests,the conclusion remains valid.Moreover,the environmental restraint policies affect environmental regulations,technological innovation,technological transformation investment,and the fiscal expenditure behavior of prefectures and cities.These effects further lead to enterprises in different industries receiving government policy support,especially in the entry of different factor-intensive enterprises that promote local industrial upgrading.After the government sets environmental goals,it can achieve high-quality economic development in the region by increasing environmental governance,such as by creating environmental protection legislation and by providing direct or indirect innovation guidance to companies.Further analysis reveals that urban environment target constraints linked with strong promotion incentives for industrial upgrading have a stronger effect.The contributions of this study are as follows.First,combining environmental policies and government target constraints,we explore the impact of local government autonomous environmental target constraints on industrial transformation and upgrading in China,and thus expand research on this topic.Second,we examine urban industrial transformation and upgrading on two levels:the city and the enterprise.We obtain the policy variable of environmental target constraints by manually collecting the data from city government work reports over years.We combine the exogenous impacts of the environmental quality indicators and the evaluation indicators of local officials to examine the differences in the effect of local governments'self-discipline on industrial transformation and upgrading after pollutant emission reduction targets are set.We build an industrial transformation and upgrading index at the city level,which allows for a more comprehensive observation of the reality of urban industrial transformation and upgrading.To overcome the endogeneity problem,we use a DID model and the instrumental variable method.We test the impact of the environmental objective constraints on industrial transformation and upgrading with enterprise data.Finally,we study the impact of the heterogeneous behavior of local governments on industrial upgrading under the dual constraints of economic growth and environmental restrictions.
作者
余泳泽
孙鹏博
宣烨
YU Yongze;SUN Pengbo;XUAN Ye(Nanjing University of Finance and Economics)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第8期57-72,共16页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71973060)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18VSJ017)的资助。
关键词
环境目标约束
绩效考核
环境规制
产业转型升级
Environmental Target Constraints
Performance Appraisal
Environmental Regulation
Industry Transformation and Upgrading
