摘要
在浙江省不同水稻种植区域——余姚(平原)、临海(丘陵)、龙泉(山区盆地)和景宁(山区梯田)进行单季稻减肥控制病虫害技术实践。减肥主要包括减少总施氮量、氮肥后移、增施钾肥和优化氮磷钾比例。以浙粳88、甬优18、甬优1540和中浙优2838为材料,比较减肥和当地习惯施肥对水稻主要病虫害、农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,减肥可以明显减轻水稻主要病虫害的发生,稻飞虱密度、稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率、稻曲病和纹枯病病株率分别平均减轻64.79%、30.57%、14.76%和64.82%。余姚、临海和龙泉3地在平均减施氮肥19.31%和减施磷肥31.80%的情况下,水稻产量平均增加5.88%,氮肥偏生产力比对照分别提高50.26%、28.93%和44.29%。在景宁的山区梯田稻田减肥略有减产,氮肥偏生产力比对照降低2.62%;但当增苗20%时增产16.67%,氮肥偏生产力提高18.05%。试验证明,稻田减肥技术不仅可以减少氮肥施用量和降低主要病虫发生,同时还能增产。减肥控制病虫害技术在浙江省的各个稻区都较适应,值得在全省范围内推广。
The practice of fertilizer regulation technique(FRT)for rice pests control in single cropping rice season was carried out in different geographic rice growing areas of Zhejiang Province,including paddy fields in Yuyao(plain),Linhai(hill),Longquan(basinin mountain area)and Jingning(terrace),with rice varieties of Zhejing 88,Yongyou 18,Yongyou 1540 and Zhongzheyou 2838 planting,respectively.FRT guideline included reducing nitrogen,applying less nitrogen in early season,increasing potassium and optimizing the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and its effects on rice agronomic characters and yield,and main diseases and insect pests were compared with those using local farmers'traditional fertilization.The results showed that FRT could obviously reduce the occurrence of rice main diseases and insect pests.On average,the planthopper density,leaf folded rate by leaffolder,and rates of rice false smut and sheath blight were decreased by 64.79%,30.57%,14.76%and 64.82%,respectively.In Yuyao,Linhai and Longquan,average rice yields were increased by 5.88%,even though the average nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer input were reduced by 19.31%and 31.80%,respectively.Meanwhile,the partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen(PFPN)were increased by 50.26%,28.93%and 44.29%,respectively.In the terrace area of Jingning,FRT led to slight yield loss,and the PFPN was decreased by 2.62%.However,when basic seedlings were increased by 20%under FRT,the rice yields were increased by 16.67%and the PFPN was increased by 18.05%.All these results indicated that FRT could not only reduce nitrogen application,reduce the occurrence of major diseases and pests in rice,but also increase production.In conclusion,FRT was applicable in all rice planting areas in Zhejiang Province.
作者
郑许松
钟列权
王会福
陈方景
成丽萍
徐启强
李阳
钟旭华
吕仲贤
ZHENG Xusong;ZHONG Liequan;WANG Huifu;CHEN Fangjing;CHENG Liping;XU Qiqiang;LI Yang;ZHONG Xuhua;LYU Zhongxian(Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;Taizhou Station of Plant Protection, Taizhou 318000, China;Institute of Ecological Environment, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 317000, China;Jingning Station of Plant Protection, Jingning 323500, China;Lizhou Subdistrict of Yuyao City, Yuyao 315402, China;Longquan Station of Soil Fertilizer and Plant Protection, Longquan 323700, China;Lishui Station of Soil Fertilizer and Plant Protection, Lishui 323300, China;Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第9期1656-1664,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200800)
浙江省重点研发计划(2015C02014)
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303017)。
关键词
单季稻
减肥控制病虫害
氮肥
病虫害
产量
single cropping rice
rice pests control by fertilizer regulation technique
nitrogen fertilizer
plant diseases and insect pests
yield
