摘要
基于1961-2017年中国545个气象站点记录的沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘和总沙尘天气日数,采用多种统计方法,从气候态分布、年代距平、长期变化趋势和年际波动特征角度分析了4种强度沙尘天气日数时空变化格局。结果表明:1)1961-2017年中国沙尘暴、扬沙、浮尘和总沙尘天气年均日数均呈现西北高、东南低的空间分异格局。其中新疆南部和西藏西北及内蒙古西部地区是不同强度沙尘天气日数的高值区。总沙尘天气日数与沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘日数的空间相关系数分别为0.67、0.70和0.62(n=15642),通过了0.01显著性水平的检验。2)中国4种强度的沙尘天气日数的年代距平在1960、1970和1980年代以正距平为主,其中1980年代面积偏多最高,1970年代次之,1960年代最小;在1990、2000和2010年代以负距平为主,其中2010年代面积偏少最高,2000年代次之,1990年代最小。3)1961-2017年中国不同强度沙尘天气日数均呈减少趋势,尤其是西北、内蒙古和华北地区减少趋势明显。总沙尘天气日数变化趋势与沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘日数变化趋势的空间相关系数分别为0.67、0.70和0.62(n=15642),通过了0.01显著性水平的检验。4)1961-2017年中国沙尘暴日数波动特征呈北方大、南方小、东部大、西部小的空间分异格局,扬沙、浮尘和总沙尘天气日数波动特征呈南方大、北方小的空间分异格局。
Based on the data from 545 meteorological observation stations in China from 1961 to 2017,the spatial and temporal variations of sand dust storms,blowing sand,floating dust and total sand dust weather days were analyzed by using various statistical methods from the perspectives of climate distribution,age anomaly evolution,long-term trend and interannual variability.The results showed that:Firstly,the annual average days of dust storms,blowing sand,floating dust and total sand dust weather in China showed a spatial pattern of high in the northwest and low in the southeast from 1961 to 2017.Southern Xinjiang,Northwestern Tibet and Western Inner Mongolia were high value areas with different intensities of sand-dust weather days.The spatial correlation coefficients of total sand dust weather days with dust storms,blowing sand and floating dust days were 0.67,0.70 and 0.62(n=15642),respectively,which passed the test of 0.01 significance level.Secondly,positive anomaly was the dominant one among the four kinds of dust weather days in 1960 s,1970 s and 1980 s,with the largest area in 1980 s,the second in 1970 s and the smallest in 1960 s,and the most negative anomaly in 1990 s,2000 s and 2010 s,with the largest area in 2010 s,the second in 2000 s and the smallest in 1990 s.Thirdly,the days of sand-dust weather with different intensities in China showed a decreasing trend,especially in the Northwest China,Inner Mongolia and North China from 1961 to 2017.The spatial correlation coefficients between the change trend of total sand dust weather days and dust storms,blowing sand and floating dust days were 0.67,0.70 and 0.62(n=15642),respectively,which passed the test of 0.01 significance level.Fourthly,the fluctuation characteristics of sand-dust storms in China were characterized by spatial differentiation patterns of large in Northern China,small in Southern China,large in Eastern China and small in Western China.The fluctuation characteristics of blowing sand,floating dust and total sand dust weather days were characterized by spatial differentiation patterns of large in Southern China and small in Northern China.Fifthly,in the area of dust weather control,theoretical and practical research work should be continued in seven aspects:curbing sand sources,returning farmland to forests and grasslands,building shelter forests,improving greening rate,carrying out propaganda and education on desert prevention and control,strengthening urban scientific development and scientific research on desert prevention and control.
作者
孔锋
KONG Feng(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Center for Crisis Management Research,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《干旱区资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第8期116-123,共8页
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment
基金
北京市社科基金研究基地项目(19JDGLA008)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2019T120114,2019M650756)
国家自然科学基金项目(41801064)
中亚大气科学研究基金(CAAS201804)资助。
关键词
沙尘暴
扬沙
浮尘
时空格局
变化趋势
波动特征
sandstorm
blowing sand
floating dust
spatio-temporal pattern
change trend
fluctuation characteristics
