摘要
同居共财、夫妻一体、兄弟均分是中国传统社会家庭作为经济共同体所遵循的财产分配原则,那么进入现代化社会,中国城市中的人们如何思考遗产分配的公平原则呢?尤其是,女性在传统社会中能获得的财产非常少,在遗产分配中几乎被忽略不计,那么在现代社会中这一点改变了吗?为了回答这一问题,我们根据文献和初期调查,归纳出一系列对遗产分配可能存在影响的变量,设计了八组具有典型代表意义的理想情景中的遗产争议,编制结构性问卷并进行了实验式访谈。本文在此实证的基础上,结合公平的相关理论和中国传统社会的财产分配原则,发现家庭财产分配有三种原则在起作用。①文化传统下的亲属关系原则——兄弟均分逐渐被子女均分所取代;②自由主义式的应得原则——按劳分配和按资分配同时起作用;③福利最大化原则——需求与道德存在博弈。本文也把性别作为重要的变量,进行了交叉分析。
Cohabitation,mutual wealth,husband and wife as an integrated whole,and equal property distribution between brothers were the principles followed by the Chinese family as an economic community in the traditional society.Then,how do people in Chinese cities view the fairness of inheritance in modern society?In particular,while women,almost ignored in the distribution of heritage,could obtain only very little property in the traditional society,can they expect any change in modern China?In order to answer this question,based on the literature and initial investigation,we draw a series of variables that may have an impact on the distribution of inheritance,design dependent variables of heritage disputes in eight ideal situations with typical representative significance,compile a structured questionnaire and conduct experimental interviews.On the basis of this empirical evidence,combined with the relevant theory of fairness and the principle of property distribution in traditional Chinese society,this paper uncovers three principles of property distribution in contemporary China:1)Principle of kinship under cultural tradition:equality among sons is gradually replaced by equality among all children;2)Liberalistic principle of entitlement:distribution according to labour works together with distribution based on capital;3)Principle of welfare maximization:there is a game between demand and morality.In addition,this paper makes a cross analysis with gender as an important variable.
出处
《中国研究》
2020年第1期86-104,M0005,M0006,共21页
China Studies
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金的资助
青年项目“社会转型期中国城市家庭共有财产制度研究”(批准号:11YJC840044)的研究成果之一。
关键词
财产分配
公平逻辑
血缘关系
应得原则
需求原则
property distribution
fair logic
blood kinship
entitlement principle
demand principle
