摘要
新冠肺炎疫情爆发对高等学校应届毕业生就业产生了极大冲击。基于“中国大学生追踪调查(PSCUS)”项目于2019年11月和2020年3月实施的两轮追踪调查,对比疫情爆发前与爆发后应届毕业生的就业压力、心理压力和就业选择的变化发现,疫情对应届毕业生就业产生了多方面的负面影响:招聘面试受阻;工作落实率下降;就业压力加大;未来经济预期偏向悲观。研究结果还显示,面对疫情带来的这些压力,毕业生积极调整心态和就业选择,下调就业预期,增强就业信心,提升心理抗逆能力。同时,高等学校的就业指导和帮扶工作有效地缓解了毕业生就业压力,提升了就业信心。根据调查结果,提出政府“精准施政”的对策建议:加大力度扶助稳定中小企业;拓宽升学渠道分流就业人数;推动应届毕业生基层就业趋势;对毕业生就业服务适当延长;高等学校就业指导工作增强专业性和针对性;积极发挥学生家庭情感支持作用。
An outbreak of COVID-19 has had a great impact on fresh college graduate employment.Based on two rounds of follow-up surveys from the Panel Study of Chinese University Students(PSCUS)project in November 2019 and March 2020,this paper compared the changes of the fresh college graduates’employment pressure,psychological stress and employment choices before and after the outbreak of the pandemic.The research results show that the pandemic has produced negative effects on the employment of fresh college graduates:the hindered job interviews,the decreased rate of employment,the increased employment pressure,and the pessimistic future economic expectations.Also,the research results indicate that in the face of these pressures,the fresh graduates actively adjusted their attitudes and employment choices,lowered their job expectations,boosted their confidence in employment,and enhanced their psychological resilience.At the same time,the employment guidance and assistance from higher education institutions effectively alleviated their employment pressure and increased their confidence in employment.In conclusion,the author proposes the following:The government should exercise precise governance by exerting more efforts to assist and stabilize smalland medium-sized enterprises,expanding channels for fresh graduates’further studies to shunt employment,pushing forward grassroots employment for fresh graduates,and appropriately extending the time of employment services for them;higher education institutions should offer more professional and targeted employment guidance;and fresh graduates’families should give them more emotional support.
出处
《教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第7期4-16,共13页
Educational Research
基金
国家社会科学基金2019年度重大项目“代际社会学视野下中国新生代的价值观念与行为模式研究”(项目编号:19ZDA146)的研究成果。
关键词
新冠肺炎疫情
应届毕业生
就业压力
心理压力
就业选择
COVID-19 pandemic
fresh graduate
employment pressure
psychological stress
employment choice
