摘要
为了维护人之尊严,确保人的意志在自动驾驶机动车运行中的实现,必须设置可随时关闭并接管自动驾驶系统的功能。这一立法抉择奠定了自动驾驶机动车致害侵权责任的总体基调。自动驾驶并未使得保有人之认定标准有所改变,以自己名义使用自动驾驶机动车的人仍然是保有人,对自动驾驶机动车运行相关危险实现所致损害承担全面的无过错责任。自动驾驶系统的启动人是自动驾驶机动车的驾驶人,其驾驶义务因自动驾驶技术的运用而有所变化,表现为一系列积极作为义务。违反此等义务导致交通事故损害的,其承担不作为侵权的过错推定责任,与保有人之责任构成不真正连带责任。自动驾驶系统对于机动车的不当操控尚无法采用驾驶人责任的思路予以法律调整,从而纳入产品责任体系。因自动驾驶系统设计、制造、警示和跟踪观察缺陷导致交通事故损害的,自动驾驶系统与自动驾驶机动车的生产者承担产品责任,与保有人之无过错责任构成不真正连带的责任形态。
In order to maintain human dignity and ensure the realization of human will in the operation of autopilot vehicles,it is necessary to set a function to turn off the self-piloting system at any time and take over the autopilot system.This legislative choice has laid the overall tone for the tort liability of infringement caused by autopilot vehicles.Autopilot has not changed the criteria for the identification of the keepers.Those who use autopilot vehicles in their own names are still the keepers and shall bear comprehensive strict liability for damages caused by the dangers associated with the operation of autopilot vehicles.The operator of the auto-piloting system is the driver of the autopilot vehicle,and his driving obligations have changed due to the application of autopilot driving technology,which is manifested as a series of positive obligations.If the violation of these obligations results in damage of the traffic accident,one shall be liable for the presumption of fault liability for the omission of the tort,and it consists the unreal joint liability with the liability of the keeper.The improper operation of the auto-piloting systems cannot be legally adjusted by the idea of driver’s responsibility,therefore incorporated into the product liability system.If the auto-piloting system design,manufacturing,warning and tracking observation defects lead to traffic accident damage,the producers of the auto-piloting system and the vehicle should bear the responsibility of product infringement which consists the unreal joint liability with the no-fault liability of the keeper.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期5-17,共13页
Northern Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“人格尊严的私法转化与私法构造研究”(19BFX152)的阶段性成果。
关键词
自动驾驶致害
交通事故责任
产品责任
不真正连带责任
damage caused by autopilot vehicles
liabilities for traffic accident
product liability
unreal joint liability
