摘要
人工智能侵权对现行侵权责任法规则带来挑战,但人工智能目前还无法颠覆现有法律体系。在人工智能取得独立民事主体地位之前,人工智能只是具有分析判断等特殊功能的产品,人工智能侵权风险也只有通过产品责任规制生产设计行为才能得以良好控制。人工智能与以往人类生产的所有产品都存在巨大不同,人工智能代替人类做出自主决策决定了其会面临道德选择困境;人工智能产品内部推理过程无法还原决定了其设计缺陷难以证成;人工智能程序系统设置的独立性决定了其设计环节其他主体无法影响。因此,应改造产品责任制度以规制人工智能侵权,在产品质量标准中加入伦理道德规范,对人工智能产品设计缺陷实行举证责任倒置,将设计者增加为独立的产品责任主体。鉴于人工智能的智慧化发展方向,产品责任规制人工智能侵权也具有权宜性,未来人工智能相关立法不仅要控制风险、救济损失、保障人工智能科技创新的积极性,同时还要为将来具有自我管理能力的人工智能发展为独立法律主体并自行担责留下空间。
Artificial intelligence infringement challenges the current tort liability law, but artificial intelligence cannot subvert the existing legal system. Before achieving independent civil subject status, artificial intelligence is only a product with special functions such as analysis and judgment, and the infringement risk of artificial intelligence can be well controlled only through product liability regulation. Artificial intelligence, different from all previous products of human beings, can replace human beings in making independent decisions, and therefore it is doomed to face a moral dilemma. As the internal reasoning process of artificial intelligence products cannot be repeated, it is difficult to prove their algorithm defects. The independence of artificial intelligence system setting determines that other subjects cannot affect its design process. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the product liability system to regulate the infringement of artificial intelligence, introduce ethics to the product quality standard, invert the burden of proof for the design defects of artificial intelligence products, and add the designer as an independent subject of product liability. In view of the intelligent development of artificial intelligence, it is an expediency to regulate artificial intelligence infringement with product liability. In the future, legislation related to artificial intelligence should not only control risks, relieve losses, and protect the enthusiasm of artificial intelligence technology innovation, but also prepare for the future development of artificial intelligence with self-management ability as an independent legal subject and take its own responsibility.
作者
张安毅
ZHANG An-yi(College of Civil and Commercial Economic Law,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou,Henan,450000)
出处
《深圳大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期112-119,共8页
Journal of Shenzhen University：Humanities & Social Sciences
基金
河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“面向国家人工智能战略的专利制度研究”(2019BFX004)。
关键词
人工智能
侵权
产品责任
立法改造
规制路径
artificial intelligence
infringement
product liability
legislative reform
regulation approach
