摘要
2,2-二硝基丙醇分别与乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸经酯化反应,合成2,2-二硝基丙醇乙酸酯、2,2-二硝基丙醇丙酸酯、2,2-二硝基丙醇丁酸酯三种新型偕二硝基酯类增塑剂。利用FTIR、NMR和元素分析等对偕二硝基酯类增塑剂进行了结构表征;考察了催化剂浓硫酸用量、反应物料比及反应时间对产物收率和纯度的影响。结果表明,2,2-二硝基丙醇乙酸酯较佳合成条件为:浓硫酸用量3%,2,2-二硝基丙醇与乙酸摩尔比为1∶1.10,酯化反应时间6 h。测试了所合成的三种新型增塑剂的密度、热分解温度、玻璃化转变温度、感度等性能,并计算了生成焓和溶解度参数。其中2,2-二硝基丙醇乙酸酯的性能如下:密度1.319 g/cm^3,溶解度参数20.994 J1/2/cm^3/2,玻璃化转变温度-94.4℃,热分解峰温为254.9℃,生成焓414.5 kJ/mol,摩擦感度4%,撞击感度H50>125.9 cm。
Three novel geminal dinitro ester plasticizers 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate,2,2-dinitropropyl propionate and 2,2-dinitropropyl butyrate were synthesized by the esterification of 2,2-dinitropropanol with acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid,respectively.The structures of designed and synthesized germinal dinitro ester plasticizers were characterized by FTIR,NMR and elemental analysis;The effects of catalyst dosage,the molar ratio of raw materials and reaction time on the reaction yield and purity were investigated.The result showed that the optimized reaction conditions for 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate are determined as follows:the dosage of concentrated sulfuric acid is 3%,the molar ratio of 2,2-dinitropropanol and acid is 1∶1.10,and the esterification reaction time is 6 h.Their density,peak temperature of thermal decomposition,glass transition temperature and sensitivities were measured,and enthalpy of formation and solubility parameter were calculated.The properties of 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate are as follows:density is 1.319 g/cm^3,solubility parameter is 20.994 J 1/2/cm^3/2,glass transition temperature is-94.4℃,peak temperature of thermal decomposition is 254.9℃,enthalpy of formation is 414.5 kJ/mol,friction sensitivity is 4%,and impact sensitivity is H 50>125.9 cm.
作者
刘亚静
高福磊
汪营磊
赵宝东
陈斌
尉涛
LIU Ya-jing;GAO Fu-lei;WANG Ying-lei;ZHAO Bao-dong;CHEN Bin;YU Tao(Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China)
出处
《应用化工》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1693-1696,共4页
Applied Chemical Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金(21303133,21875185)。
关键词
不敏感增塑剂
偕二硝基
合成
性能
insensitive plasticizer
geminal dinitro
synthesis
property
