摘要
人工智能(AI)正在迅速发展并应用到医学领域当中,给广大医务工作者和患者带来了新的机遇与希望。然而,由于对象是人类的疾病与健康,医疗AI的应用本身会给患者和受试者健康带来直接威胁,且因为数据和算法缺陷、系统漏洞或缺陷可能引发的安全风险也尤为突出。因此,在已经被广为接受的AI伦理原则之外,医疗AI还应当强调以患者和受试者为中心创设合理的人机交互,以及保持持续评价的伦理保障机制。此外,应当在我国现行的医疗AI法律监管框架下,明确划定医疗AI范围,并针对医疗AI的特殊性完善其注册和后续监管制度,在保证安全的基础上构建患者和临床医生对医疗AI的信任,从而使医疗AI能够更好地改善社会医疗保健,保障患者和受试者的安全和最大福祉。
Artificial intelligence(AI)is rapidly developing and being applied in the medical field,bringing new opportunities and hopes to medical professionals and patients.However,as the objects of medical AI are humans,an AI application can pose a direct threat to the health of patients and human subjects;moreover,the potential security risks from data and algorithm defects,system flaws,or defects are particularly prominent.Therefore,in addition to the widely accepted ethical principles for AI,medical AI should also emphasize an ethical guarantee mechanism centered on patients and subjects,create reasonable human-computer interactions,and maintain continuous evaluation.In addition,the current medical AI should be regulated under a legal regulatory framework to further clearly define the scope of medical AI,aiming at the particularity of medical AI for improving registration and follow-up supervision systems.This will help ensure safety,based on building the trust of patients and clinicians in regard to medical AI.In such cases,medical AI can improve social health care conditions,and protect the security and welfare of the largest number of patients and human subjects.
作者
王玥
戴海洋
Wang Yue;Dai Haiyang(School of Law,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)
关键词
医疗人工智能
医疗伦理
医疗损害
医疗数据
medical artificial intelligence
medical ethics
medical damage
medical data
