摘要
针对有机菜心生产中盲目施肥、缺乏科学的施肥数据以指导生产的问题,基于田间小区试验,通过设置有机肥不同的施氮量处理(0、300、600、900、1200 kg/hm^2),探究西北旱区有机菜心种植的适宜有机肥用量。结果表明,一定范围内增加有机肥施氮量可明显促进菜心生长、增加产量、提高茎薹品质,而过量施加有机肥却抑制菜心生长、降低产量;菜心的株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、薹粗、地上地下干鲜质量、产量和净收益均以有机肥施氮量900 kg/hm^2处理最高,较其他施肥量株高、地上鲜质量、产量和净收益分别提高13.9%~94.9%、24.9%~127.1%、28.5%~675.4%和35.7%~536.8%,茎薹和叶片硝酸盐含量随施肥量的增加呈明显降低趋势,但差异不显著;有机肥施氮量从600 kg/hm^2提高到1200 kg/hm^2,菜心产量收益虽有提高,但远低于肥料投入成本的增加,与有机肥施氮量600 kg/hm^2相比,1200 kg/hm^2处理菜心产量收益增加7.3%,而净收益降低10.9%,说明有机肥施氮量1200 kg/hm^2处理不利于有机菜心生产。综合考虑菜心产量和种植者的经济效益,有机肥施氮量900 kg/hm^2在菜心生产中更具有优势,其次为600 kg/hm^2施氮量。
Aiming at the problem of blind fertilization in the production of Chinese flowering cabbage and lack of scientific fertilization data to guide the production,based on the field plot experiment,this paper explored the appropriate level of organic fertilizer for Chinese flowering cabbage cultivation in the northwest arid region by setting up different nitrogen application rates of organic fertilizer(0,300,600,900,1200 kg/hm^2).The results showed that the increase of organic fertilizer in a certain range could significantly promote the growth,increase the yield and improve the quality of stem sprouts,while excessive application of organic fertilizer inhibited the growth and decreased the yield.In the experiment,under 900 kg/hm^2 fertilization,the plant height,leaf number,leaf length,leaf width,sprout crude,above ground and underground dry fresh quality,yield and net income were the highest,compared with other fertilizer rate,the plant height,ground fresh quality,yield and net income increased by 13.9%-94.9%,24.9%-127.1%,28.5%-675.4%and 35.7%-536.8%,respectively,the nitrate content of stem sprouts and leaf was no significant difference,but showed a trend of decrease with the increase of fertilizer rate.Organic fertilizer nitrogen application rate increased from 600 kg/hm^2 to 1200 kg/hm^2,Chinese flowering cabbage production yields increased,but was far lower than the increase of fertilizer nitrogen application rate of fertilizer input costs.Compared with the fertilizer level of 600 kg/hm^2,the production income of the amount of 1200 kg/hm^2 increased by 7.3%,while the net income decreased by 10.9%,indicating that the fertilization of 1200 kg/hm^2 was not conducive to the production of Chinese flowering cabbage.Considering the yield of cabbage and the economic benefit of growers,the application amount of 900 kg/hm^2 of organic fertilizer is more advantageous in the production of Chinese flowering cabbage,followed by 600 kg/hm^2.
作者
杨娇
王湛
马丽
叶林
YANG Jiao;WANG Zhan;MA Li;YE Lin(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;National Engineering Research Centre ofAgriculture Intelligent Equipment,Beijing 100097,China;College of Agriculture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Wuzhong National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee in Ningxia,Wuzhong 751100,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2020年第8期1258-1262,共5页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ17012)。
关键词
有机菜心
肥料用量
生长
品质
经济效益
Chinese flowering cabbage
fertilizer rate
growth
quality
economic benefit
