摘要
作为我国特别行政区之一,澳门正遭受以极端天气为代表的气候变化影响,并且这一现实已经严重威胁到澳门经济发展和城市安全。研究温室气体排放清单和排放特征,进而采取相应措施应对和减缓气候变化带来的影响已经成为澳门社会各界的共识。本文在量化澳门三个范畴的温室气体特征的基础上,识别了典型行业温室气体排放特点,并提出了促进澳门实现温室气体减排的有效措施和路径。研究显示:2000—2017年间,澳门范畴1、范畴2和范畴3排放均有不同程度的增加,并且没有任何一个范畴的排放量已达到峰值。2017年三者排放量分别为226.80万t CO 2e、450.47万t CO 2e和558.49万t CO 2e。电力行业和交通运输(包括陆运、海运和空运)已经成为澳门范畴1排放最重要的贡献者,2017年贡献率分别为38%和37%。2017年澳门范畴1人均温室气体排放量为3.47 t CO 2e/人,约为范畴2和范畴3同期水平的50%和41%。总体而言,澳门范畴1碳强度明显低于范畴2和范畴3,并且三者仍在逐年下降。情景分析结果显示,通过运输业电气化、本地电力结构优化、废弃物管理及再利用和其他燃料节能减排四个路径的减排措施,可以将澳门范畴1的温室气体排放量在2017年基础上削减90%。因此,调整电力发展政策是澳门温室气体减排的最有效措施之一,特区政府的减排重点应放在能源消费电气化、增加清洁电力比例上。
With the increasingly severe global climate change situation,cities are playing an important role when responding to the challenges of global climate change.As one of China’s special administrative regions(SAR),Macao is suffering from the impact of climate change,especially extreme weather,which has threatened Macao’s economic development and urban security.Taking corresponding measures to mitigate the potential impacts of climate change has become the consensus of all sectors of the Macao society.This study quantifies the three scopes of GHG emission features in Macao,identifies the GHG emission characteristics of typical industries,and puts forward effective policies and pathways to promote GHG reduction in Macao.The results show that from 2000 to 2017,scope 1,scope 2 and scope 3 GHG emissions in Macao have all increased to different degrees,and none of them has reached a peak.In 2017,scope 1,scope 2 and scope 3 GHG emissions were 2.27 million t CO 2e,4.50 million t CO 2e and 5.59 million t CO 2e,respectively.At the same time,scope 1 per capita GHG emissions in Macao were 3.47 t CO 2e in 2017,which was approximately 50%and 41%of those in scope 2 and scope 3,respectively.Power generation and transportation industry have become the primary contributors of scope 1,accounting for 38%and 37%of the total GHG emissions(scope 1),respectively.The large power import since 2006 not only contributes to the continuous decrease of the contribution ratio to scope 1 of local power generation,but also results in the fast growth of scope 2.In summary,the carbon intensity of scope 1 in Macao is significantly lower than that of scope 2 and 3,and all three have declined for several years.A scenario analysis shows that GHG emissions can be cut by 90%based on those in 2017 if these four pathways(transportation industry electrification,local power structure optimization,waste management and reuse,and other energy saving measures)can be effectively implemented in Macao.Thus,power development policy will be the focus to reduce the GHG emissions in Macao.In the future,the measures on energy consumption electrification and the increasing cleaner power ratio should attract more attentions.
作者
宋庆彬
汪中才
SONG Qing-bin;WANG Zhong-cai(Macao Environmental Research Institute,Macao University of Science and Technology,Macao 999078,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期18-26,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
科学技术部《第四次气候变化国家评估报告》编制工作专项
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金“粤港澳大湾区典型城市电器电子产品消费使用特征及碳排放机制研究”(批准号:2019A1515011757)
2019广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目“粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室”(批准号:2019B121205004)。
关键词
温室气体
排放特征
减排策略
澳门
greenhouse gas
emission characteristics
mitigation strategies
Macao
