摘要
对于昭君出塞的路线,由于原始文献缺载,学者们在研究上出现了争议,主要有西线秦直道说和中线通塞中路说。通过对文献的分析可以看出,呼韩邪单于第一次入汉朝拜往返秦直道的可能性最大。遵循中国史书撰写"常事不书"的原则,第二次出入汉庭及第三次偕昭君出塞的路线没有发生变化,故不再详载。汉成帝河平元年,复株累单于派遣右皋林王伊邪莫演到汉朝奉献朝拜,返程所经的"蒲反"之路,是他图谋降汉的反常之举,并不能反推昭君出塞走的是通塞中路。所谓昭君出塞走秦直道更为迂回曲折,环境更加恶劣,安全难以保障,而走通塞中路气候温润适宜等说辞带有相当的主观想象成分。民间传说的产生更多表现的是人们心灵的期冀与情感的表达,不能等同于历史事实。秦直道仍是昭君出塞的最可能路线。
Due to the lack of original literature, there has been much debate concerning the route Zhaojun took to get to the frontier. Within the debate, there are two primary two arguments regarding the route: the Qin Zhi Dao route in the west and the Tong-sai route in Shan Xi. By comparing and analyzing the existing literature, it can be established that the most probable route for Hu Hanye Chanyu’s first pilgrimage to the Han dynasty was via the Qin Zhi Dao. Following the precedent that"common things are not recorded"in Chinese historical records, the route of Hu Hanye’s second pilgrimage to the Han dynasty and his third journey back with Zhaojun followed the route unchanged, therefore it was not documented in detail. In the first year of the He Ping era during the time of the Han Cheng Emperor, Fu Zhulei Chanyu sent Yixie Moyan to the imperial court of the Han dynasty, and Yixie Moyan returned via the"Pu-Fan"route, thus deceiving Fu Zhulei Chanyu for him to yield to the Han dynasty. This was an unusual action, and it could not be deduced that Zhaojun’s journey to the frontier was via the Tong-sai route in Shan Xi. It was quite subjective and imaginative to assume that Zhaojun would have not chosen the Qin Zhi Dao route due to its harsher geographical environment and unguaranteed safety and she had taken the Tong-sai route in Shan Xi due to its pleasant climate. The folktales expressed more expectations and emotions of people, therefore they were not the historical facts. As such, the Qin Zhi Dao was still the most likely route for Zhaojun’s journey.
出处
《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期153-160,共8页
Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(18BZS044)。
关键词
昭君出塞
秦直道
通塞中路
常事不书
Zhaojun’s Journey
Qin Zhi Dao
Tong-sai Route in Shan xi
Common Things Are Not Recorded
