摘要
WTO多边贸易规则中的"国家安全例外"赋予成员方自由裁量权以采取措施保护其"基本安全利益"。区域贸易协定中的安全例外则包含了更多的贸易政策新议题,在知识产权保护和数字贸易上设定了更高标准。美欧通过贸易立法在出口管制、产业安全和对外资审查等方面建立并加强了与"国家安全例外"有关的制度安排,以维护其在全球的战略性竞争优势。随着贸易竞争加剧和全球经济秩序的重构,以"国家安全例外"为由限制贸易与投资有加强趋势。由于WTO缺少对滥用"国家安全例外"的有效约束,其引用也可演变为贸易保护主义的工具。21世纪国家安全利益的内涵已扩展到了非传统安全领域,以国家安全为由限制贸易带来的挑战,只能通过国际合作构建有效的国际治理体系来应对。
The "national security exceptions" in WTO multilateral trade rules give members discretion to take measures to protect their "essential security interests". Such security exceptions in regional trade agreements cover even more issues in trade policy, and set higher standards for intellectual property protection and digital trade. Through trade legislation, the United States and the EU have established and strengthened their respective institutional arrangements related to "national security exceptions" in areas such as export control, industrial security and foreign investment reviews to maintain their strategic competitive advantage globally. With the intensification of trade competition and the transformation of the global economic order, there is a growing tendency to use "national security exceptions" to restrict trade and investment. Since there are no WTO rules that can effectively constrain such use, this trend runs the risk of transforming these exceptions into tools of trade protectionism. As non-traditional security issues are now seen as part of national security interests in the 21 st century, the problem can only be addressed through joint international efforts to build an effective global governance system.
作者
张丽娟
郭若楠
Zhang Lijuan;Guo Ruonan
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第3期66-79,157,158,共16页
International Forum
