摘要
依据法人实在说,法人具有行为能力,其中包括过错能力。法人过错的承载者是法人机关,主要是法人的执行机关与代表机关。在越权代表情形中,法人代表机关过错误导相对人使其以为系争法律行为未超越代表机关权限的,此项过错构成法人过错,致害行为属于我国《民法典》第62条中规定的"因执行职务造成他人损害",法人须赔偿相对人因法律行为对法人不发生效力而遭受的损失。相对人知道代表机关越权的,法人无须承担赔偿责任。相对人不知道越权但有过失的,应当按照受害人与有过错规则分担损失。
According to the reality theory,a legal person has the capacity for civil conduct,including the capacity for assuming fault liability.The faults of legal person are embodied in the conducts of its organs,mainly those of its executive and representative organs.In the case of ultra vires act,if the representative organ of legal person misleads with fault the counterpart to think that the legal act is not beyond its authority,this fault shall be regarded as legal person’s fault.And this injurious act belongs to so-called"cause damage to any other person in the performance of duties"in Article 62 of our country’s Civil Code.Therefore,the legal person shall compensate for the losses suffered by the counterpart due to the non-effectiveness of legal acts on the legal person.However,if the counterpart knows that the representative organ has exceeded its authority,the legal person shall not be liable for compensation.In addition,if the counterpart doesn’t know the ultra vires but has fault,he shall share the losses according to the rule of mutual faults.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期37-51,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
越权代表
越权担保
过错能力
法人机关
法人责任
ultra vires act
unauthorized guarantee
capacity for assuming fault liability
organ of legal person
liability of legal person
