摘要
金属-空气电池作为一种新的能源形式,因理论能量密度高、价格低廉、安全性好、使用温度范围广等优势,具有广阔的应用前景。目前研究较多的金属-空气电池包括锌-空气电池、铝-空气电池、锂-空气电池、镁-空气电池四类。轻合金-空气电池以能量密度高的轻合金材料作为电池负极,以空气电极作为正极,以碱性或中性盐溶液为电解液,主要包括铝-空气电池和镁-空气电池两种。铝、镁金属电化学容量高、成本低廉、储量丰富,是金属-空气电池中优秀的阳极候选材料,作为储能材料也成为化石燃料的有力替代者。然而,研究初期直接应用纯铝、纯镁的金属-空气电池性能表现不佳,存在诸多问题。随着铝合金及镁合金的发展,轻合金在金属-空气电池中的应用大大改善了金属负极的自腐蚀问题,提高了电极的放电活性,使电池整体性能表现更加优良。在铝-空气电池中,掺杂Sn、In、Ga、Mg等元素的铝合金电极腐蚀速率降低,阳极利用率提高,电极表面的钝化膜被破坏而实现活化效果;在镁空气电池中,Al、Zn、Mn、Li等合金元素提高了镁合金电极的耐腐蚀性能,电池的放电容量也有所提高。一些稀土元素的添加可以细化轻合金的晶粒,起到变质作用,轻合金电极的腐蚀及钝化问题均得到改善。本文介绍了金属-空气电池的基本原理,对两类轻合金-空气电池的性能表现进行了阐述,对金属-空气电池中目前存在的主要问题进行了分析归纳并简要介绍了其解决方案。主要聚焦在电池负极的合金化方式及各类轻合金在电池中的性能表现,并对轻合金-空气电池中的腐蚀原因及控制措施进行了总结展望。
As a new form of energy,metal-air batteries have the advantages of high theoretical energy density,low price,good safety,wide range of temperature and so on.At present,there are four types of metal-air batteries which are popular and widely studied,including zinc-air battery,aluminum-air battery,lithium-air battery and magnesium-air battery.Light alloy-air batteries use light alloy material with high energy density as anode,air electrode as cathode,alkaline or neutral salt solution as electrolyte,mainly including aluminum-air battery and magnesium-air battery.Aluminum and magnesium with high electrochemical capacity,low cost and abundant reserves are excellent candidate anode materials for metal-air batteries and regarded as a promising alternative to fossil fuels as an energy storage material.However,the performance of metal-air batteries using pure aluminum and pure magnesium is not good as expected at the beginning with enormous study problems.With the development of aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys,the application of light alloys in metal-air batteries greatly reduces the self-corrosion problem of metal anodes,improves the discharge activity of electrode and the overall performance of battery is significantly enhanced.For aluminum-air battery,the corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy electrode decreases due to the doping of Sn,In,Ga,Mg and other elements,while the utilization rate of the anode increases and the passivation film on the electrode surface is destroyed which achieves the activation effect.In the case of magnesium-air battery,Al,Zn,Mn,Li and other alloying elements can improve the corrosion resistance and the discharge capacity of batteries is also improved.The addition of some rare earth elements can refine the grain of light alloys and improve the corrosion and passivation problems of light alloy electrodes.This paper introduces the basic principles of metal-air batteries,describes the performance of two types of light alloy-air batteries,analyzes the main problems existing in metal-air batteries and briefly introduces the solutions.This paper mainly focuses on the alloying mode of the anode of the battery and the performance of various light alloys in the batteries.The corrosion reasons and control measures in light alloy-air batteries are summarized and prospected.
作者
姚万鹏
曹福勇
李焰
齐建涛
YAO Wanpeng;CAO Fuyong;LI Yan;QI Jiantao(College of Materials Science and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China;College of Materials,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;College of Chemical Engineering,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao 266580,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第13期13058-13067,共10页
Materials Reports
基金
国家自然科学基金(青年基金)(51701239)
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2017LEM005)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(18CX02128A)。
关键词
轻合金
空气电池
合金化
腐蚀控制
light alloy
air battery
alloying
corrosion control
