摘要
采用文献资料法、古文字考释法等研究方法对殷墟甲骨文及卜辞中所见商代摔跤雏形进行了考证。主要结论:中国摔跤运动最早在殷商时期就已经存在,这一传统体育项目在商代被广泛称之为"鬥",其本义就是指两人徒手相搏,有技击、对抗的性质;甲骨卜辞中记载的有关商王及贵族亲自参与的"鬥"活动,是早期"武事"活动的主要内容。到西周时期,由于地域与方言的影响,摔跤被称之为"角",成为官方讲武的重要组成部分之一。秦统一六国以后,广泛称之为"角抵",并成为官方讲武的唯一内容。商代晚期甲骨文中的"鬥"与西周时期的"角"以及秦统一以后的"角抵"运动是一脉相承的。从时间跨度上讲,甲骨文中记载的商代晚期的摔跤雏形"鬥",要比秦统一以后的"角抵"早约1000年,由此可以追溯我国摔跤运动到3300多年以前商代晚期。
This present paper aims to explore how wrestling took shape in the Shang Dynasty by examining oracle characters and oracle inscriptions.Major findings:Chinese wrestling first occurred in the Yin and Shang periods,which was called as"Dou"at the time."Dou"means two persons wrestling unarmed,thus having the property of attack and confrontation;the"Dou"activities that the kings and nobility of the Shang Dynasty participated in,as recorded in the oracle inscriptions,were the main content of initial armed activities.During the Western Zhou Dynasty,wrestling,then called as"Jue"due to the influence of territorial change and dialects,became one of the most important parts in official lectures on armed activities.After Qin reunified the country,it was called"Juedi"and became the only content of official lectures on armed activities.Though the name of wrestling changed over time from the late Shang Dynasty through the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty,its form and content stayed unchanged.In terms of time span,"Dou"first occurred in the late Shang Dynasty,1000 years earlier than"Juedi"during the Qin Dynasty,therefore,we may conclude that the origin of wrestling in China can date back to the late Shang Dynasty of over 3300 years ago.
作者
芦金峰
LU Jinfeng(Physical Education College of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450044)
出处
《成都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期28-33,61,共7页
Journal of Chengdu Sport University
基金
国家社会科学基金资助项目“殷墟甲骨体育刻辞整理与研究”(19BTY105)。
关键词
甲骨文
鬥
角
角抵
Oracle
Dou
Jue
Juedi
