摘要
文章运用文献资料法对我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题及特点、运动员参赛资格改革的困境进行了分析,在此基础上借鉴权利保障、公平竞争、程序正义原则,提出了我国运动员参赛资格管理改革的几点建议。研究认为:我国运动员参赛资格存在的典型问题为,尖子运动员无法获得参赛资格、运动员的竞争优势被蓄意改变、运动员参赛行为遭受人为干扰;其特点主要表现为,问题主要集中发生在我国的传统优势项目,运动员处于弱势被支配地位,运动员较难争取应得权益。改革的困境主要在于,管理机构设置方面,选拔主体与审批主体同构,权力缺乏制约;管理理念方面,国家利益或集体利益高于一切,个人利益有时成为牺牲品;管理流程方面,自由裁量空间大,选拔程序尚待规范;管理手段方面,监督和约束手段相对单一,管理亟需优化。研究建议:逐步做实项目协会和奥委会,体育行政部门负责监督、审计和政治审查;严禁参赛资格的利益交换,以法治代人治,保障运动员的合理权益;建构规范的管理流程,明晰选拔标准、程序及选拔主体权限,提升管理效能;完善内部救济机制,司法适度介入,提升运动员参赛资格的权利保障和救济水平。
Using documentary method,this paper analyzes from the perspective of rule of law the typical problems and related characteristics in athletes’entry qualification and the predicament in athletes’entry qualification reform,and puts forward some suggestions on how to reform athletes’entry qualification according to the principles of right guarantee,fair play and procedural justice.The typical problems in athletes’entry qualification include lack of entry qualification for elite athletes,deliberate change for athletes’competition advantage and deliberate interruption into athletes’participation.The main characteristics concerning athletes’entry qualification problems include:most problems occur in the events with traditional advantages,athletes are in a weak and dominated position,therefore it is difficult for them to strive for their due rights and interests.The predicaments of reform include:the establishment of management institutions where the selection authority and the approval authority are the same organization,which leads to no restriction of power;in terms of management philosophy,national or collective interests are above all else,and individual interests are sometimes sacrificed;in terms of management process,there is much room for discretion and the selection process is yet to be standardized;in terms of management methods,the means of supervision and restriction are single,and management needs to be optimized.Suggestions:sport administration departments should gradually hand over the necessary administration power to sports associations and China Olympic Committee,and is only responsible for supervision,audit and political investigation;strictly prohibit interest exchange in game entry qualification,and rule by law rather than by man so as to protect athletes’legal rights and interests;build a standardized management process and clarify the selection standards,procedures and the rights of selection authority to improve the management efficiency;improve the internal relief mechanism,and allow the judiciary to intervene moderately to improve the level of protection and relief of athletes’rights.
作者
王家宏
辜德宏
WANG Jiahong;GU Dehong(College of Jiangsu Sports and Health Industry,Soochow University,Jiangsu Suzhou,215301;School of Physical Education Hunan Normal University,Changsha Hunan,410012)
出处
《成都体育学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期11-19,共9页
Journal of Chengdu Sport University
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国体育深化改革重大问题的法律研究”(16ZDA225)
中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目“多元治理背景下我国竞技体育内生动力培育机制研究”(2018T110539)。
关键词
参赛资格
运动员
法治
管理
改革与创新
game entry qualification
athletes
rule of law
management
reform and innovation
