摘要
As the application of energy-absorption structure reaches an unprecedented scale in both academia and industry, a reflection upon the state-of-the-art developments in the crashworthiness design and structural optimization, becomes vital for successfully shaping the future energy-absorption structure. Physical impacting test and numerical simulation are the main methods to study the crashworthiness of railway vehicles at present. The end collision deformation area of the train can generally be divided into two kinds of structural design forms: integral absorbing structure design form and specific energy absorbing structure design form, and different energy-absorption structures introduced in this article can be equipped on different railway vehicles, so as to meet the balance of crashworthiness and economy. In pursuit of improving the capacity of energy dissipation in energy-absorption structures, studies are increasingly investigating multistage energy absorption systems, searching breakthrough when the energy dissipation capacity of the energy-absorption structure reaches its limit. In order to minimize injuries, a self-protective posture for occupants is also studied. Despite the abundance of energy-absorption structure research methods to-date, the problems of analysis and prediction during impact are still scarce, which is constituting one of many key challenges for the future.
随着吸能结构在学术界和工业界的应用达到前所未有的规模,关于列车耐撞性设计和结构优化最新进展的思考对于成功塑造未来的吸能结构就显得至关重要。实车冲击试验和数值仿真是目前研究铁路车辆耐撞性的主要方法。列车的端部碰撞变形区域一般可采用两种结构设计形式:承载式吸能结构设计形式和专有吸能结构设计形式,本文介绍的不同吸能结构可以适用于不同的铁路车辆,从而达到耐撞性和经济性之间的平衡。为了提升吸能结构能量耗散的能力,对于多级吸能系统的研究层出不穷,力求在现有吸能结构能量耗散能力达到极限时寻求突破。为了减少冲击伤害,乘员的自我保护姿势也被广泛研究。迄今为止开展了大量的吸能结构的研究,但针对吸能结构冲击过程的分析与预测所进行的研究较少,这也是未来吸能结构研究的诸多关键挑战之一。
作者
GAO Guang-jun
ZHUO Tian-yu
GUAN Wei-yuan
高广军;卓天宇;关维元(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on the Track of Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Traffic Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)
基金
Project(2018YFB1201701-08)supported by the National Key R&D Program of China
Project(ZLXD2017002)supported by the Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project of Central South University,China
Project(2019zzts145)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
