摘要
本文研究了水稻-小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)、水稻-青虾(Macrobranchium nipponense)、水稻-甲鱼(Amyda Sincnsis)三种种养模式和水稻单种模式下有机肥、化肥、农药、生物农药的使用情况和经济效益等。结果显示:稻-小龙虾种养模式使用了400 kg/667 m^2有机肥、15 kg/667 m^2尿素、100 mL苏云菌,收获了506.8 kg/667 m^2水稻、106.7 kg/667 m^2小龙虾,效益为4468.4元/667 m^2;稻-青虾种养模式使用了400 kg/667 m^2有机肥、15 kg/667 m^2尿素、15 kg/667 m^2复合肥、100 mL短隐杆菌,收获了514.2 kg/667 m^2水稻、56.4 kg/667 m^2青虾,效益为3235.3元/667 m^2;稻-甲鱼种养模式使用了400 kg/667 m^2有机肥、10 kg/667 m^2微生物菌肥,收获了402.5 kg/667 m^2水稻、52.8 kg/667 m^2甲鱼,年均效益为4309.2元/667 m^2。以水稻单种模式为对照,稻-小龙虾种养模式化肥施用量减少了50 kg/667 m^2,减少76.9%的化肥使用量;稻-青虾种养模式化肥施用量减少了35 kg/667 m^2,减少了53.8%的化肥使用量;在水稻病害管理上,稻渔种养模式并未选择使用传统农药,尽量选择微生物型生物农药,但对水稻稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱、纹枯病、稻曲病等常见病害均有效,且持续保护时间长达25 d以上。结果表明,稻渔种养模式有效增加了有机肥、生物农药的使用,减少了化肥农药的使用,而且水稻产量比较稳定,经济效益显著,减少对环境的污染,属于一种绿色、可持续生产模式。
Through the analysis and comparison of different rice-aquatic culture patterns,and the use of organic fertilizers,chemical fertilizers,pesticides,bio-pesticides and economic benefits were studied in the rice-aquatic animal(Procambarus clarkii,Macrobrachium nipponense,Amyda Sinensis)culture modes.The experimental data showed that the rice-crayfish culture which used 400 kg/667 m^2 organic fertilizer,15 kg/667 m^2 urea,and 100 mL bio-pesticide of Bacillus thuringiensis harvested 506.8 kg/667 m^2 rice and 106.7 kg/667 m^2 crayfish,while the benefit was 4468.4 Yuan/667 m^2.The rice-shrimp culture which used 400 kg/667 m^2 organic fertilizer,15 kg/667 m^2 urea,15 kg/667 m^2 compound fertilizer,and 100 mL bio-pesticide of Empedobacter brevis harvested 514.2 kg/667 m^2 rice and 56.4 kg/667 m^2 shrimp,while the benefit was 3235.3 Yuan/667 m^2.The rice-turtle culture which used 400 kg/667 m^2 organic fertilizer,and 10 kg/667 m^2 microbial fertilizer,harvested 402.5 kg/667 m^2 rice and 52.8 kg/667 m^2 turtle,while the average annual benefit was 4309.2 Yuan/667 m^2.Compared with rice culture,the rice-crayfish culture reduced the application rate of chemical fertilizer by 50 kg/667 m^2,which reduced the use of chemical fertilizer by 76.9%.The rice-shrimp culture decreased the application amount of chemical fertilizer by 35 kg/667 m^2,which reduced the use of chemical fertilizer by 53.8%.In the management of rice diseases,the rice culture try to select microbial bio-pesticides instead of traditional pesticides.However,it was effective for common diseases such as rice leaf roller,rice planthopper,sheath blight and rice false smut,and the continuous protection time was more than 25 days.The results showed that the rice-aquatic culture effectively increased the use of organic fertilizers and bio-pesticides and reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.Simultaneously,the rice yield were relatively stable,the economic benefits were improved,and the pollution to the environment was reduced.In a word,it was an environmentally friendly and continuous production mode.
作者
杨智景
顾海龙
杨会静
冯亚明
YANG Zhijing;GU Hailong;YANG Huijing;FENG Yaming(Taizhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taizhou 225300,China;Senior Middle School of Luotang,Taizhou 225599,China)
出处
《渔业研究》
2020年第2期153-159,共7页
Journal of Fisheries Research
基金
江苏省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(JFRS-02)
江苏省渔业科技类项目(D2017-1-9).
关键词
稻渔种养
水生动物
化肥
农药
经济效益
rice-aquatic culture
aquatic animal
fertilizer
pesticide
economic benefits
