摘要
在是否允许农村宅基地自由流转的学术争论和理论探究尚不见定论,相关政策法律也未见落地的背景下,宅基地“三权分置”是在有效解决宅基地作为承载农民社会保障功能的制度设计与现实背景下,实现其财产性价值要求矛盾的一项制度创新。其政策意蕴和目的就是在既存的两权分置框架体系下,通过内部的制度创设实现宅基地利用主体的开放性,以有效盘活闲置农房和宅基地资源。但是,这一政策在实践运行中面临着所有权权能缺失、资格权范围确定和认定依据不健全、使用权权能实现不畅的矛盾和困境。为此,要确保宅基地“三权分置”政策的有序运行并实现其政策目标,应立法明确宅基地所有权主体及其法律地位,赋予其完整的所有权权能;坚持集体自治与国家立法相结合的做法,严格落实宅基地的资格权;借鉴城市商品房运作的规则和经验,合理设置“三权分置”下的宅基地使用权权能规则,同时应建立合理的存量宅基地流转收益分配机制,以体现宅基地资格权和所有权的权能价值。
In the background about academic debate and theoretical inquiry on whether to allow the free circulation of rural homestead is yet at issue and about relevant policies and laws not being enacted,the“three rights division”of homestead is an institutional innovation which effectively solves the contradiction between institutional design of homestead as a social security function of farmers and realization of its property value requirement under the background of reality.Its policy implication and purpose is to realize openness of the main body of homestead utilization under the existing framework system of two rights division so as to effectively invigorate idle agricultural houses and homestead resources through creation of the internal system.But in the practice this policy is confronted with contradictions and dilemmas characterized by lack of ownership power,incomplete determination of qualification right scope and its imperfect determination basis,and breakdown of realization of right to use.Therefore,to ensure the orderly operation of the policy of“three rights division”and to achieve its policy objectives,legislation should be enacted to clarify the subject of homestead ownership and to give it full legal status;combination of collective autonomy with national legislation should be adhered to in practice,while strictly implementing the qualification right of homestead;lessons should be drawn from the rules and experience of the operation of commercial housing in the city,rationally setting up rules of the right to use homestead under the“three rights division”.At the same time,a reasonable income distribution mechanism of stock homestead circulation should be established to reflect the power value of homestead qualification right and ownership.
作者
方文
FANG Wen(School of Marxism,Zhejiang University of Science and Technology,Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China)
出处
《浙江科技学院学报》
CAS
2020年第2期96-102,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University of Science and Technology
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY082)。
关键词
农村宅基地
三权分置
权能困境
制度构建
对策建议
rural homestead
three rights division
power dilemma
system construction
countermeasures and suggestions
