摘要
本文从法律和实践等角度分析了我国农村集体土地所有权虚置现象存在的原因。作者认为，我国现行法律虽然规定了农村土地三级“农民集体”所有，但却没有明确规定“农民集体”作为土地所有权主体的构成要素和运行原则；没有明确产权代表和执行主体的界限和地位；没有解决“农民集体”与农民个人的利益关系。而在实践上，农村集体土地所有权的基本权能已事实上由土地使用权所代替。这种权能替换在很大程度上改变了土地所有权的法律地位，使土地所有权高度弱化、使用权对所有权的分割程度很高。特别是国家对“农民集体”行使土地所有权超法律强制，使本来在法律上已虚拟化了的“农民集体”只能是有限的土地所有权人，国家才是农村土地的终极所有者。
This article analyzes the reasons for the absence of the collective ownership of the rural land in terms of law and practice. This author holds that although the present concerned law divides the collective ownership of the rural land in three levels, it does not give concrete regulations on the factors and the functional principles of the ownership, nor does it has clear regulations on the deference between positions of the representatives of the ownership and the operators of the ownership. This author points out that in practice the collective ownership of the rural land has been taken place by the right to utilize the rural land, and thus the legal ownership of the rural land has been weakened notably, especially when the government has super-legal control over the ownership, consequently this changes the ownership of the land into the right to utilize the land , leaving the government as the real owner of the rural land.
