摘要
在城市跨江发展背景下,江心洲成为滨水城市有机更新战略增长点,它作为城市与自然紧密相融的生态区域,是保障沿江生态安全的重要屏障。以典型区域马鞍山江心洲为例,依据其生态数据,从地形、水体、植被、人类活动4个方面选取高程、坡度、坡向、水域缓冲、植被覆盖度、土地利用类型及道路缓冲7个因子构建江心洲生态敏感性评价指标体系。在常用主观赋权法与客观赋权法比较后,选取变异系数法结合层次分析法共同确定各指标因子的权重,可以较为全面地反映评价指标的相对重要程度,使基于ArcGIS空间分析的江心洲生态敏感性划分更科学。研究结果表明(1)江心洲生态敏感性总体较高,其中坡度数据在研究区敏感性分布中不稳定,变异系数达0.9402,异质性程度较高,对于内部生态结构的影响更大,因此对坡度变化明显的地区应加强生态保护和修复;(2)基于变异系数法的主客观综合赋权后各因子权重的重要性排序为植被覆盖度、水域缓冲区、土地利用类型、坡度、高程、坡向、道路缓冲区,因子排序所表征出的环境问题与现状契合;(3)在此分析基础上,将研究区域划分为5个级别:生态高敏感区、生态较高敏感区、生态中敏感区、较低敏感区以及生态不敏感区,并对不同的生态敏感性区域提出了相应的环境保护与规划用地策略,以促进马鞍山江心洲生态保护和有机更新。
Under the background of urban cross-river development,island is becoming a strategic point of growth for the organic renewal of waterfront cities.As an ecological region where the city and nature are closely integrated,island is an important barrier to protect ecological security along the river.Taking the study of Ma'anshan Jiangxinzhou as an example,according to its ecological data,the indicators were selected from four aspects:topography,water,vegetation,and human activities to construct an island ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.After comparing the commonly used subjective with objective weighting methods,Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and variation coefficients were applied to determine the weight of each index,which can thoroughly reflect the relative importance of the evaluation index.This method makes the ecological sensitivity division of island based on ArcGIS spatial analysis more scientific.Three conclusions can be drawn:(1)The ecological sensitivity of Jiangxinzhou is generally higher,among which the slope factor is unstable in the sensitivity distribution of the study area,with a high degree of heterogeneity.It’s coefficient of variation is 0.9402,which has a greater impact on the internal ecological structure.Consequently,ecological protection and restoration should be strengthened where slope changes obviously.(2)After the comprehensive weighting of the factors based on the method of variation coefficient,the importance of the weights is ranked as vegetation coverage,water buffer zone,land use type,slope,elevation,aspect,and road buffer.The ranking of factors corresponds to the current environmental problems.(3)Based on the analysis,the study area is divided as five levels:the extremely sensitive area,the highly sensitive area,moderately sensitive area,low sensitive area and no sensitive area.The corresponding strategies of environmental protection and land use planning are put forward to promote the ecological protection and organic renewal of the Ma'anshan Jiangxinzhou.
作者
严军
王婷
秦珏
YAN Jun;WANG Ting;QIN Jue(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2020年第2期124-132,共9页
Ecological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31570703)
江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目(PPZY2015A063)。
关键词
变异系数法
江心洲
生态敏感性
景观规划
method of variation coefficient
Ma'anshan Jiangxinzhou
ecological sensitivity
landscape planning
