摘要
马尔库塞为了找到20世纪20年代初欧洲工人运动转入低潮的原因,试图从构建完满丰富的感性人性入手,以培养出不受资本主义意识形态国家机器所操控的自由主体为目标,走上了一条审美政治解放之路,而《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中所体现出来的乌托邦式的未来观为他提供了最有力的理论支持。马尔库塞在《历史唯物主义的基础》一文中重新解释了《手稿》,重新将马克思主义的历史唯物主义奠基于审美人性的复归之上。他揭示了人性中包含异化和超越两种向度的可能性,而这两者之间必须通过人的此在本身的存在——“劳动”作为中介进行联系。马尔库塞将人性中的情感解放的哲学起点定位在劳动的哲学概念上,在人性的内部寻求异化劳动的根源,从而放弃了对私有制结构的深入研究。他把人性定位在劳动中自由、自觉的人类审美精神本能,缺少了马克思主义的物质生产实践底色。《历史唯物主义的基础》开启了马尔库塞以后的“人性—美感—爱欲—游戏—新感性—新左派—审美之维”的政治美学研究路向,其美感政治学对当代发达资本主义社会境遇中人的生命与资本流通之间的张力问题研究具有时效性。
In order to find the cause of the low tide of European workers’movement in the early 1920s,Marcuse attempted to build full rich perceptual human nature.And to develop from the capitalist ideological state apparatus controlled by the freedom of body as the goal,Marcuse took to the road of the aesthetic political liberation,the utopian future view in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 provides the most powerful theory support for him.Marcuse reinterpreted the manuscript in the article The Foundation of Historical Materialism and refounded Marxist historical materialism on the restoration of aesthetic humanity.He revealed the possibility of alienation and transcendence in human nature,which must be connected through the existence of human being in itself–“labor”.Marcuse located the philosophical starting point of emotional liberation in human nature on the philosophical concept of labor and sought the root of alienated labor in human nature,thus giving up the in-depth study on the structure of private ownership.He characterized human nature as the free and conscious aesthetic spiritual instinct of human beings in labor,which lacked the background of material production practice of Marxism.Historical Materialism opens the Marcuse later political aesthetics research direction of“humanitybeauty-love-game-new sensibility-new leftism-aesthetic dimension”.Its aesthetic politics is time-sensitive to the tension between human life and capital circulation in the contemporary developed capitalist society.
作者
谢静
XIE Jing(Institute of Philosophy,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)
出处
《湖南工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2020年第1期31-40,共10页
Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
黑龙江大学研究生创新科研项目“马尔库塞的政治美学批判理论”（YJSCX2019-008HLJU）
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目“基于语料库的学龄前儿童言语行为研究”（19YYC146）
关键词
马尔库塞
人性
劳动
异化
审美
自由
Marcuse
human nature
labor
alienation
aesthetic
freedom
