摘要
本文针对当今农村"养儿防老"还是"养儿啃老"的疑问进行了相关文献的梳理与理论分析,采用2014年中国老龄人口健康状况调查数据(CLHLS),验证了男性子嗣对农村老年人经济、健康和心理3个维度贫困的影响。并利用倾向值匹配方法(PSM)对内生性进行了处理,以检验模型估计结果的稳健性。研究发现,男性子嗣的有无对农村老年人贫困具有显著影响,拥有男性子嗣会提升农村老年人陷入经济贫困的可能性,但另一方面也会显著降低其心理贫困发生的概率。本文经验证给出的可能解释是,在工业化、城市化背景下,由于对自我价值的逐渐看重和空间距离造成的"事亲"难度加大等原因,导致中国农村家庭养老功能弱化。加之近年来,彩礼和新房的档次不断提高,建房、婚嫁等确定性投资风险提高,会影响农户贫困状况,并进一步作用于老年人的经济贫困。同时"有儿"可能给农村老年人带来较强的主观满足感,加之子代"事亲"预期和孙辈存在所带来的愉悦感,共同作用于心理感受,进而降低农村老年人的心理贫困发生率。并从改变传统的生育观念和性别观念,加快健全农村老年人社会福利体系两方面提出相关的政策建议。
This paper theoretically analyzes the question that whether sons take care of their parents and verifies the influence of male offspring on the poverty of rural elderly in three dimensions,namely,economic,health and psychological dimension,using the 2014 China Elderly Population Health Survey Data(CLHLS).We used the propensity score matching method(PSM)to deal with the endogeneity problem and check the robustness of the model estimation results.The study found that male children have a significant impact on the poverty of rural elderly.Meanwhile,having male children will increase the possibility of rural elderly falling into economic poverty,but on the other hand,it will also significantly reduce the probability of elderly psychological poverty.A possible explanation given in this paper is that under the background of industrialization and urbanization,due to the gradual emphasis on self-worth and the difficulty of"family-related"caused by spatial distance,the function of rural elderly being cared for in China is weakened.In addition,in recent years,the grades of new houses have been continuously improved,and the risk of certain investments such as building houses and marriages has been increased,which would affect the poverty situation of farmers and further affect the economic poverty of the elderly.At the same time,"having a son"may bring a strong sense of subjective satisfaction to the rural elderly,coupled with the expectation of the"family"of the offspring and the pleasure of the existence of the grandchildren,which together act on the psychological feelings,thereby reducing the probability of psychological poverty of rural elderly.We also propose relevant policy recommendations from the aspects of changing the traditional concept of fertility and gender,and accelerating the improvement of the social welfare system for the elderly in rural areas.
作者
宋嘉豪
郑家喜
吴海涛
SONG Jiahao;ZHENG Jiaxi;WU Haitao
出处
《农业技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第12期131-142,共12页
Journal of Agrotechnical Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“城镇化路径选择对农村贫困影响效应与机制研究”(编号:71573277)
国家社会科学基金项目“现代农业政府支持体系评价与优化研究”(编号:13BJY110)
关键词
养儿防老
养儿啃老
男性子嗣
农村老年人
Raising sons to support parents in their old age
Raising sons makes the old age a bad life
Male offspring
Rural elderly
