摘要
目的对皖南地区石煤开采和利用过程环境中放射性水平进行调查和研究,评价其对周围环境和居民剂量的影响。方法本文以皖南典型石煤矿区的石煤矿、石煤衍生产品和周边环境为研究对象,通过现场测量、采样和实验室分析,获得相关数据。结果石煤矿中238U、226Ra和210Pb含量最高可以达到1 298 Bq/kg、1 598 Bq/kg和1 212 Bq/kg,已属于伴生放射性矿的范畴。石煤在燃烧后,煤渣中210Pb的浓度总体有所降低,矿区周边土壤和水体样品中部分天然放射性核素的含量远高于调查地区的平均水平。通过估算,矿区周边石煤碳化砖建筑室内天然贯穿辐射外照射所致人均年有效剂量范围在1.01~1.24 mSv,氡及子体所致内照射人均年有效剂量为1.8~4.9 mSv。结论石煤矿区的天然放射性核素已经部分转移到周边土壤和水体中,居住或工作在碳化砖房的居民的年附加有效剂量显著增加。
Objective To investigate and study the radioactivity levels in the process of mining and utilization of stone coals in southern Anhui, and evaluate its impact on the surrounding environment and residents′ dose.Methods By taking the stone coal mine, stone coal derivative products and surrounding environment in the typical stone coal mine area of southern Anhui as the research object, the relevant data were monitored on-site or through laboratory analysis.Results The highest contents of 238U, 226Ra and 210Pb in stone coal mines were up to 1 298 Bq/kg, 1 598 Bq/kg and 1 212 Bq/kg, respectively. It belongs to the category of associated radioactive minerals. Having been burned, the concentration of 210Pb in the coal slag was generally reduced. The contents of some natural radionuclides in the soil and water samples around the mining area were much higher than the average level of the surveyed area. The annual effective dose per capita of external radiation in the stone coal carbide brick building was estimated to be 1.01~1.24 mSv, and the annual effective dose due to inhalation of 222Rn and its progeny was 1.8~4.9 mSv.Conclusion The natural radionuclides in the stone coal have been partially transferred to the surrounding soil and water. The annual additional effective dose of residents living or working in carbonized brick houses has significantly increased.
作者
陈玮
於国兵
陈志
顾先宝
闻德运
杜勤
何旭
王金龙
CHEN Wei;YU Guobing;CHEN Zhi;GU Xianbao;WEN Deyun;DU Qin;HE Xu;WANG Jinlong(Environmental Radiation Surveillance Station,Environmental Protection Department of the Anhui Province,Hefei 230071 China;University of Science and Technology of China)
出处
《中国辐射卫生》
2019年第5期550-553,共4页
Chinese Journal of Radiological Health
基金
安徽省省级环境保护科研项目《皖南地区石煤中伴生放射性水平调查研究(以黄山地区为例)》(2016-05)
关键词
石煤
放射性
辐射环境影响
Stone-coal
Radioactivity
Radiative Environmental Impact
