摘要
深海多金属结核主要分布在CP区和CC区等不同海域,表层沉积物均以硅质粘土为主,CP区多金属结核丰度一般大于15 kg/m2,Cu+Co+Ni品位较低,一般小于1.8%;CC区区内丰度大于5 kg/m2的占45%,主要集中在本区的中部和南部,其对应的品位高于2.5%,基本呈纬向带状分布。外部结核层、内部结核层与核心层w(Fe2O3)、w(MnO)分别为9.4%~12.8%、39.7%~46.5%,不同结核层中钠水锰矿、钡镁锰矿、δ-Mn2等主要矿物的XRD衍射峰强度呈现一定差异。外部结核层较薄,内部结核层较厚表面布满规则裂纹,核心层至少具有一个形核核心。多金属结核中所含金属元素种类丰富、多矿物紧密混杂,难以提取其中的Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni等有价金属元素。火法冶炼有熔炼法与直接还原法,其产品一般为富锰渣与合金,酸/碱法浸出可得到Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni等的金属,其浸出率基本能达到85%以上,甚至可以达到95%以上。生物法可通过微生物浸出多金属结核的Mn、Fe、Cu、Co和Ni等元素。此外,熔炼-锈蚀法、电解法等处理多金属结核同样效果显著。
The deep-sea polymetallic nodules are mainly distributed in different sea areas such as the CP and CC zones in whichtheir surficial sediments are mainly siliceous clay on the sea floor.The polymetallic nodules in the CP zone,with general distribution abundance of over 15 kg/m2,have relatively low Cu+Co+Ni grade which is generally less than 1.8%.However,about 45%polymetallic nodules in the CC zone,with distribution abundance of over 5 kg/m2,have relatively high Cu+Co+Ni grade which is more than 2.5%.They are basically distributed in form of the latitude zonal band in the central and southern parts of the CC zone.The Fe and Mncontents of the rim,intermediate,and core layers are 9.4%-12.8%and 39.7%-46.5%,respectively.The peak intensities of XRD diffraction spectra of main minerals such as birnessite,todorokite andδ-Mn2 in different layers of nodules show some certain differences.The nodule has a relatively thin rim layer,relatively thick intermediate layer with regular cracks,and core layer which has at least one nucleus.As various kinds of metal elements are containedin densely mixed various minerals of the polymetallic nodules,it is difficult to extract valuable metal elements such as Mn,Fe,Cu,Co,and Ni from those nodules.These polymetallic nodules can be treated byusing the pyrometallurgy,including smelting and direct reduction methods,to generally produce manganese-rich slag and alloy,or by usingthe acid/alkali leaching method toproduce metals such as Mn,Fe,Cu,Co,and Ni,with the basic leaching rate of over 85%and extreme rate of over 95%,or by using the biological method to extract elements such as Mn,Fe,Cu,Co,and Ni.In addition,the polymetallic nodules can also be effectively treated by using the smelting-corrosion and electrolysis methods.
作者
周磊
居殿春
周夏芝
徐玉松
ZHOU Lei;JU Dian-chun;ZHOU Xia-zhi;XU Yu-song(School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhangjiagang 215600,China;Institute of Fine Metallurgy,Institute of Industrial Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhangjiagang 215600,China)
出处
《矿物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期649-656,共8页
Acta Mineralogica Sinica
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号：2017YFB0603801)
关键词
深海多金属结核
分布规律
有价元素
提取工艺
The deep-sea polymetallic nodule
distribution regulation
valuable elements
extraction process
