摘要
2018-08和2018-11获取和分析了海南岛近岸海域夏(11个站位)、秋(9个站位)两个季节的样品数据,并在海南近岸海域展开了大面站浮游动物分布特征调查研究,以期深入了解不同季节浮游动物种群分布和群落结构变化机制及规律。结果表明:近岸海域共鉴定浮游动物45科51属69种及浮游幼体31类,共分为河口类群、暖水沿岸类群和暖水广布类群三个生态类群,以桡足类为优势类群。优势种以简长腹剑水蚤(Oithona simplex)、亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)、肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)和鸟喙尖头溞(Penilia avirostris)等组成。同时,夏秋季浮游动物受季节和地形的影响,个体密度、湿重生物量、物种丰富度和多样性指数具有明显的差异性,呈现为秋季>夏季,秋季浮游动物平均个体密度和生物量分别为223.04 ind·m^-3和675.37 mg·m^-3,各站位多样性指数绝大部分均在3.00以上,且生态类群和优势种数量分布均呈较高水平,均匀度指数则与之相反。总体而言,浮游动物群落结构特征能影响海洋食物网物质循环和能量流动的效率,从而影响海洋生态系统多样性和稳定性。因此,研究不同季节浮游动物分布特征,对海南近岸资源开发利用和海洋生态管理等方面均具有重要意义。
In order to understand the distribution characteristics of zooplankton populations and the change mechanism and law of zooplankton community structure in different quarters,samples collected from 11 station in summer and 9 stations in autumn in the coastal waters of Hainan Province in August and November 2018 are analyzed.The results show that totally 69 species of zooplankton in 51 genera of 45 family and 31 species of pelagic larvae are identified in the coastal waters of Hainan.These species of zooplankton can be sub-divided into 3 ecological groups:the estuarine group,the coastal warm water group and the widely distributed warm water group,of which copepod is the dominant group.The dominant species are mainly composed of Oithona simplex,Subeucalanus subcrassus,Acartia erythraea,Acartia pacifica,Oikopleura dioica,Sagitta enflata and Penilia avirostris.Because of the seasonal and topographical affection,the abundance,wet weight biomass,diversity index and richness of zooplankton in summer differ significantly from those in autumn,showing autumn>summer.In autumn the average abundance and biomass of zooplankton are 223.04 ind·m^-3 and 675.37 mg·m^-3,respectively;the diversity indexes of zooplankton at all stations are mostly larger than 3.00;and the ecological groups and the number of dominant species are all in a high level,except for the evenness index which shows opposite.In general,the community structure of zooplankton can affect the efficiency of material circulation and energy flow in the food cycle,and further affect the diversity and stability of marine ecosystem.Therefore,the study of distribution characteristics of zooplankton in different quarters of a year is of great significance for exploitation and utilization of coastal resources and marine ecological management in Hainan Island.
作者
谢福武
梁计林
邢孔敏
XIE Fu-wu;LIANG Ji-lin;XING Kong-min(Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences,Haikou 571126,China)
出处
《海岸工程》
2019年第4期280-292,共13页
Coastal Engineering
基金
海南省科研院所技术平台开发专项——海南海水养殖区有毒甲藻资源调查与种质保藏(HNKJHY201601-10)
关键词
浮游动物
群落结构
种类多样性
海南岛
zooplankton
community structure
species diversity
Hainan Island
