摘要
自20世纪中叶起,国外研究系统讨论了家庭教养方式的阶层分化及其后果问题。这些研究发现:与低阶层家庭(如劳工阶层、贫困家庭)相比,高阶层家庭(如中产阶层家庭)更加重视子女人格发展的内在目标(如好奇心、自主性),对子女的学业期望更高。高阶层家庭多以"协作培养"模式养育子女,亲子陪伴更多、亲子互动更民主,家庭语言以"精致型符码"为主,对子女行为管束的手段相对温和,家庭生活组织化程度更高,且父亲对子女养育的参与更多。此外,高阶层家庭对家校合作以及各类校外补习、兴趣培养和社会实践活动的参与也更积极。相应的,其子女的人格与社会性发展、认知能力与学业成绩发展更佳,出现问题行为的风险更低。但值得反思的是:社会阶层、家庭教养方式与儿童发展结果之间并不是专属化对应的,而且影响家庭教养方式和儿童发展的因素是复杂和多元的。
Since the middle of twentieth century,foreign studies have shown that there is a significant class differentiation in child-rearing style.Comparing with lower class families(e.g.working-class and poor families),higher class families(e.g.middle-class families)pay more attention to children’s internal personality goals(such as curiosity and autonomy)and have higher academic expectation of their children.Most of them engage in a child-rearing process named as"Concerted Cultivation",characterized by more time in company with children,mainly using"Elaborated Code"during parent-child communication,higher organizational family life,and more active in father involvement.Moreover,their children are arranged to engage in parent-school cooperation and extracurricular activities frequently.Therefore,their children’s cognitive and non-cognitive abilities are better developed,and the risk of problem behaviors is relatively lower.However,there isn’t exclusive correspondence among social class,child-rearing style and child development,and the factors influencing child-rearing style and child development are complex and diversified.
作者
刘程
廖桂村
LIU Cheng;LIAO Guicun(Institute of Sociology,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;School of Marxism,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《外国教育研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第11期92-104,共13页
Studies in Foreign Education
基金
上海社会科学院院课题“家庭教养模式的阶层分化与儿童认知—非认知能力发展研究”(课题编号：2018SKY30)
关键词
家庭教养方式
阶层分化
协作培养
社会不平等
child-rearing style
class differentiation
concerted cultivation
social inequality
