摘要
社会经济的发展影响着耕地资源的配置,进而表现出耕地利用方式的变化。改革开放以来我国耕地利用变化表现为五个特征,即耕地利用主体呈多元化趋势,但小农依然占主体;耕地经营规模呈扩大趋势,但细碎化现象未得到彻底改变;耕地经营经济效益增长缓慢,且占家庭经济收益比重明显下降;耕地的保障功能在弱化,但依然是农民"最后的生存保障";耕地经营的多元化现象增加,但粮食产量平稳上升。展望未来我国耕地利用变化呈现三个趋势,一是耕地利用主体多元化在一定时期内存在,小农经营的地位不容忽视;二是耕地利用多功能表现日趋明显,一三产业融合将成为主基调;三是面对耕地资源可持续利用的压力,推行生态耕种已成必然。为了适应社会经济发展需求,在发挥各类现代经营主体对小农户帮扶作用的同时,促进以"户"为单位转移替代"劳动力"的转移;加强基于产业融合的土地使用制度创新;加大国家对生态耕种的政策激励。
The development of social economy affects the allocation of cultivated land resources and leads to the change of cultivated land use. The cultivated land use changes in China since the reform and opening up are as follows: the main body of cultivated land use was diversified, and small-scale peasant was still the main body;the scale of cultivated land management was expanding, but the phenomenon of fragmentation was not completely changed;the economic benefits of cultivated land management were increased slowly, and the proportion of farmland to household economic benefits was obviously lower;the guarantee function of cultivated land was weakening, but it was still the "last survival guarantee" for farmers;the diversification of farmland management was increased, but the grain output was increased steadily. The cultivated land use changes in the future showed three trends: the main cultivated land management would be diversified in a certain period of time, and the status of small-scale peasants could not be ignored;the multi-functional performance of arable land use is becoming increasingly obvious, and the integration of primary and tertiary industries would become the main keynote;facing the pressure of sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources, the implementation of ecological farming would become inevitable. In order to meet the needs for social and economic development, some suggestions were put forward: to give full play to the role of various modern managers in helping small farmers, to promote the transfer of "household" as a unit to replace "labor force";to strengthen the innovation of land use system under the goal of industrial integration;to increase national policy incentives for ecological farming.
作者
陈美球
赖昭豪
刘桃菊
CHEN Mei-qiu;LAI Zhao-hao;LIU Tao-ju(Research Center on Rural Land Resources Use and Protection, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045, China;The Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Basin Agricultural Resources and Ecology, Nanchang 330045, China)
出处
《土壤通报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期497-504,共8页
Chinese Journal of Soil Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(71473112)
江西现代农业及其优势产业可持续发展的决策支持协同创新中心项目资助
关键词
耕地利用
变化
改革开放以来
展望
中国
Cultivated land use
Change
Reform and opening up
Prospect
China
