摘要
合同解释,绝对意思主义不可取,应该以客观主义为主,以主观主义为辅,这是我国应采取的合同解释的原则。在当事人各方对合同用语理解不同的场合,法院应以一个理性人处于缔约环境中对合同用语的理解为准,来探寻合同用语的含义。在双方对某合同用语并未赋予特定含义的情况下,法院可以客观合理性标准来揭示合同用语的含义,而不是根据当事人的任何意图。体系解释不但是解释法律的原则,也是合同解释的原则,所谓体系解释非合同解释原则的观点不符合实际。在参照习惯和惯例填补合同漏洞时,应当注意如下几点:习惯和惯例应当具有一定普遍性,习惯和惯例应当是客观存在的符合其构成的行为规范,习惯与惯例必须适法,习惯与惯例应当是当事人各方已经知道或应当知道而又没有明示排斥者,只有在合同载有"疑义条款"时,才可以运用习惯作为解释工具。
For contract interpretation,we should not apply the absolute concensualism,but should focus on the objectivism and consider the subjectivism as supply. This is the interpretation principle applied by China. When different parties have different understandings toward a contract term,the court should seek the meaning of the contract term as a reasonable person in the contracting circumstance.When neither sides of the parties invests any special meanings in to the contract term,the court can reveal the term’s meaning in accordance with the objective and reasonable standard rather than the parties’ intentions. Systematical interpretation is a principle not only for law,but also for contract. The opinion that "the systematical interpretation is not a way to interpret contract"is not geared to the practical situation. When filling in the contact leaks with custom and practice,we should pay attention to the following points: the referred custom and practice should be of certain universality;they should objectively exist and conform to the corresponding code of conduct;they should be consistent with law;they should be known or should have been known by both sides of parties without any explicit objections. Only when a contract contains the "doubt provision"can the custom be used as interpretation means.
作者
崔建远
Cui Jianyuan(Law School of Tsinghua University)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期141-150,共10页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
关键词
合同解释
客观主义
主观主义
体系解释
交易习惯
惯例
Contract Interpretation
Objectivism
Subjectivism
Systematical Interpretation
Transaction Practices
Custom
