摘要
目的 分析南昌地区儿童麻疹的流行病学与临床特征,以寻求消除麻疹策略。方法 用描述性统计学方法回顾性分析2013年确诊的265例儿童麻疹患者的流行病学与临床特征。结果265例患儿中发病年龄以6~12月龄居多(195例),占73.6%;178例(67.2%)患儿在发病前有麻疹接触史;典型麻疹194例(73.2%);重型麻疹18例(6.8%),其中5例(1.9%)死亡,主要死因为重症肺炎、呼吸衰竭。结论儿童麻疹发病率升高与未及时接种麻疹疫苗、入院就诊麻疹暴露和未母乳喂养密切相关。因此,麻疹消除须增加麻疹疫苗接种覆盖率,加强麻疹监控,尽可能减少院内暴露,提倡母乳喂养。重型患儿须重点防治呼吸衰竭、心力衰竭,以减少病死率。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of the children with measles in Nanchang, and propose the reasonable strategies of eliminating measles. Methods Epidemiological and clinical features of 265 children with measles in 2013 were retrospectively analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. Results Among the involved 265 children, the onset age was 6-12 months old in 195 cases, accounting for 73.6%, 178 cases (67.2%) had contact history of measles before onset, 194 cases (73.2%) were typical measles, 18 cases (6.8%) were severe measles and 5 cases (1.9%) of them died of severe pneumonia and respiratory failure. Conclusions The high incidence of measles in children is closely related to the absence of measles vaccine immunization, nosocomial exposure to measles and non-breast-feeding. Therefore, it is essential to improve vaccination coverage, strengthen measles surveillance, reduce nosocomial exposure and advocate breast feeding for the elimination of measles. Severe measles patients need to focus on the prevention and treatment of respiratory failure and heart failure in order to reduce mortality.
作者
王淑梅
陈宏义
陈明发
WANG Shu-mei;CHEN Hong-yi;CHEN Ming-fa(Department of Infectious Diseases,the Ninth Hospital of Nanchang,330002,China)
出处
《传染病信息》
2019年第2期148-150,153,共4页
Infectious Disease Information
关键词
麻疹
流行病学
临床特征
麻疹消除
measles
epidemiology
clinical features
elimination of measles
