国外幼儿基本动作技能干预研究系统评述被引量：52

A Systematic Review of Fundamental Movement Skills Intervention Studies in Foreign Preschool Children

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摘要目的:系统分析国外幼儿基本动作技能干预研究的方法学特点和效果。方法:通过WOS等5个外文数据库检索文献,并按照标准选择纳入和排除文献,对各研究的实验设计、样本、干预、测评、统计方法等数据信息进行提取,使用Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具2.0和ROBINS-Ⅰ条目分别对随机对照实验设计和非随机对照实验设计研究质量进行评价。结果:共纳入27篇文献,其中有效干预占81%(22篇)。所有干预皆在学前中心/幼儿园进行,干预结果在性别、年龄上并未发现显著差异;体育教师、教练及专家主导的"以儿童为中心"的干预模式,单次干预时间30～40min,每周2次,8～16周的干预效果(有效干预比例)最为明显;TGMD-2测评工具的使用最为广泛;只有19%的研究进行了跟踪测试。结论:国外幼儿时期的基本动作技能干预对个体的基本动作技能发展具有促进作用。建议我国学者及教育者根据我国幼儿特点,借鉴国际经验,制定合理干预时间,创新干预方式,开发适合我国幼儿的基本动作技能测评工具。 Objective:To systematically analyse the methodological characteristics and effectiveness of fundamental movement skills intervention research in foreign preschool children and provide references for relevant research in China.Methods:The literatures were searched through five foreign language databases such as WOS,all literatures were selected and excluded according to the standard criteria.The experimental design,sample,intervention,assessment,statistical method and other data were extracted from each study,the quality of randomized controlled trial design and non-randomized controlled trial design studies were evaluated by using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool 2.0 and the ROBINS-I item,respectively.Results:A total of 27 articles were included in this review,of which 81%(n=22)were effective interventions.All interventions were conducted in preschool/kindergarten.The results of interventions were not different in gender and age.The“child-centered”intervention model,which was intervened 30~40 min per time,twice a week,8~16 weeks intervention(effective intervention ratio),leading by physical education teachers,coaches and expertswas the most effective intervention protocol.TGMD-2 assessment tools were most widely used in these studies.Only 19%of these studies were follow-up study.Conclusion:The fundamental movement skills intervention in foreign children has a positive effect on the development of individual fundamental movement skills.Based on foreign researches,it is suggested that the Chinese scholars and educators should formulate reasonable and innovative intervention methods according to the characteristics of Chinese children,and establish suitable fundamental movement skills assessment tools.