摘要
面对日益严重的农村家庭养老困难,新农保改革被寄予厚望,其养老保障作用成为学界和政府关注的焦点。基于制度改革和农村养老特征,文章分析了新农保对农村家庭养老质量和养老模式的影响,并在此基础上提供了经验证据支持。研究结果表明:第一,新农保显著增加了农村老人的经济收入,提高了他们的养老质量;第二,新农保"挤入"了代际向上的经济支持,在农村养老经济资源偏好的条件下,这会降低代际向上的时间支持,改变农村家庭养老模式;第三,新农保的养老保障作用存在群体差异,低收入、不健康以及独居老人对养老金的反映更为敏感,可以取得更加显著的改革成效。因此,新农保应该增加养老金投入,调整参保要求,并扩大养老困难群体的参保比例,以获得更大的养老保障效果。
In recent years,low fertility rate,population aging,population mobility and urbanization have constituted a huge thrust to the change of intergenerational relationships in rural households,and inhibited the function of family support for the rural elderly. Therefore,the government proposed New Rural Pension Scheme（NRPS） in 2009,which was placed high hopes on solving the problem of rural elderly care.With the gradual deepening of NRPS,it has become the focus of the academic circle and the government that whether NRPS has changed the family support mode decided by the intergenerational relationships of rural families and finally improved the life quality of the rural elderly. At present,based on the understanding and expectation of social support for the elderly,many scholars have emphatically examined the impact of NRPS on intergenerational economic support,thus investigating the substitution effect of NRPS on rural family support for the rural elderly. However,on the one hand,family support is the result of long-term natural evolution,restricted by various factors such as morality,culture and law,which is difficult to be replaced in the short term. On the other hand,family support covers the two-way intergenerational flow of multiple resources. It easily leads to misjudgment about the effectiveness of NRPS by analyzing intergenerational economic transfer alone. In view of the above,regarding NRPS as a beneficial supplement to rural family support,this study analyzes the impact of NRPS on the intergenerational relationships and then on the life quality and the rural family support model from the perspective of interaction between parents and children. It is certainly conducive to a comprehensive understanding of the actual effects of NRPS. The results show that：First,NRPS enhances the income of the rural elderly and improves their life quality by increasing public subsidies and child economic support. Second,according to the intergenerational balance principle of intergenerational support and the economic resource preference of the rural elderly,NRPS will reduce time support of children while improving the income of the rural elderly,thus changing the rural family support mode. Third,the security role of NRPS has obvious time delay and group differences in the implementation effect,that is,the elderly who are low-income,aged or living alone are more likely to benefit from it. This paper provides empirical evidence by using the fixed effects model（FE）,difference-in-differences model（DID） and difference-in-differences with propensity score matching（DDPSM）,then verifies the robustness by changing the empirical strategy and adjusting the sample. Therefore,in order to solve the problem of rural elderly care,it is necessary to increase public investment in pensions to improve the income of the rural elderly,so that their quality of life will be enhanced more efficiently. Besides,＂bundled＂ requirement must be adjusted to reduce economic transfer from children and let the children play a greater role in daily care and spiritual comfort. NRPS should become a supplement rather than a replacement of rural family support. Moreover,it is important to expand the proportion of low-income,unhealthy and living alone elderly people to optimize the allocation structure of old-age resources and strengthen the security function of NRPS.
作者
靳卫东
王鹏帆
何丽
Jin Weidong;Wang Pengfan;He Li(School of Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Ji＇nan 250014,China;School of Business Administration,Southwest University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Management Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Ji＇nan 250014,China)
出处
《财经研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第11期125-138,共14页
Journal of Finance and Economics
基金
山东省软科学研究计划重大项目(2016RZB01041)
山东省社会科学规划研究项目(16CGLJ10)
山东省高等学校优势学科人才团队培育计划
关键词
新农保
代际支持
养老模式
养老质量
NRPS
intergenerational support
family support mode
life quality of the elderly
